A World of Difference: International Trends in Women's Economic Status

Charles, Maria

doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102548

Cited by 263Gender, Labor, and Family DynamicsEmployment, Labor, and Gender StudiesLabour Market and Migration

A World of Difference: International Trends in Women's Economic Status

Charles, Maria·2011·Annual Review of Sociology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102548

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Abstract

Around the globe and starting in the affluent West, women have made major, even revolutionary, strides toward equality with men. However, while access to major social institutions has equalized dramatically, expanded participation in labor markets and educational systems often comes in the form of gender-differentiated roles within these institutions. This article reviews international trends on different indicators of women's economic status and considers explanations for observed patterns. The forms of equality that tend to persist in advanced industrial societies are those that are readily interpreted as outcomes of free choices by formally equal but innately different men and women.

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In almost all post-industrial societies, young women now outnumber men in attaining tertiary degrees.
“In almost all post-industrial societies, young women now outnumber men in attaining tertiary degrees (Vincent-Lancrin 2008; Charles 2011).”
From Education, Gender, and Cohort Fertility in the Nordic Countries (2019) · cites this paper as Charles 2011
The educational expansion has been particularly pronounced among women.
“This change has been particularly pronounced among women.”
From Education, Gender, and Cohort Fertility in the Nordic Countries (2019) · cites this paper as Charles 2011

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“In almost all post-industrial societies, young women now outnumber men in attaining tertiary degrees (Vincent-Lancrin 2008; Charles 2011).”
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Authors: Charles, M.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Corresponding author: Charles, Maria
ORCID: Charles, Maria
Venue: Annual Review of Sociology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2011-08-11
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 355-371
ISSN: 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
1545-2115
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102548
OpenAlex: W2130601864
Cited by: 263
References: 117
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Labour Market and Migration
Keywords: women's economic status, gender inequality, gender roles, labor force participation, women's education, cross-national comparison, gender equality, women's empowerment

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A World of Difference: International Trends in Women's Economic Status

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