Continuous Learning AI in Radiology: Implementation Principles and Early Applications
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly present in radiology and health care. This expansion is driven by the principal AI strengths: automation, accuracy, and objectivity. However, as radiology AI matures to become fully integrated into the daily radiology routine, it needs to go beyond replicating static models, toward discovering new knowledge from the data and environments around it. Continuous learning AI presents the next substantial step in this direction and brings a new set of opportunities and challenges. Herein, the authors discuss the main concepts and requirements for implementing continuous AI in radiology and illustrate them with examples from emerging applications.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Through tracking their details by detectors, AI may enable them to care for patients remotely.
“Through tracking their details by detectors, AI may enable them to care for patients remotely.”
From Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology in E-Health (2021) · cites this paper as Pianykh et al. 2020
Cites
The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship
Wilkinson, M. D., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. J., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., Blomberg, N., Boiten, J.-W., da Silva Santos, L. B., Bourne, P. E., et al. (2016) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.18 · Cited by 18,423 · see citing works
Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks
Kirkpatrick, J., Pascanu, R., Rabinowitz, N., Veness, J., Desjardins, G., Rusu, A. A., Milan, K., Quan, J., Ramalho, T., Grabska-Barwinska, A., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611835114 · Cited by 7,899 · see citing works
Shin, H.-C., Roth, H. R., Gao, M., Lu, L., Xu, Z., Nogues, I., Yao, J., Mollura, D., & Summers, R. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2528162 · Cited by 5,759 · see citing works
Bengio, Y., Louradour, J., Collobert, R., & Weston, J. (2009) · Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.1145/1553374.1553380 · Cited by 5,366 · see citing works
Decoding tumour phenotype by noninvasive imaging using a quantitative radiomics approach
Aerts, H. J. W. L., Velazquez, E. R., Leijenaar, R. T. H., Parmar, C., Grossmann, P., Carvalho, S., Bussink, J., Monshouwer, R., Haibe-Kains, B., Rietveld, D., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5006 · Cited by 5,132 · see citing works
Continual lifelong learning with neural networks: A review
Parisi, G. I., Kemker, R., Part, J. L., Kanan, C., & Wermter, S. (2019) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2019.01.012 · Cited by 3,117 · see citing works
The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine
He, J., Baxter, S. L., Xu, J., Xu, J., Zhou, X., & Zhang, K. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0307-0 · Cited by 2,246 · see citing works
Zech, J. R., Badgeley, M. A., Liu, M., Costa, A. B., Titano, J. J., & Oermann, E. K. (2018) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002683 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
Predicting cancer outcomes from histology and genomics using convolutional networks
Mobadersany, P., Yousefi, S., Amgad, M., Gutman, D. A., Barnholtz-Sloan, J. S., Velázquez Vega, J. E., Brat, D. J., & Cooper, L. A. D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1717139115 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Current Applications and Future Impact of Machine Learning in Radiology
Choy, G., Khalilzadeh, O., Michalski, M., Do, S., Samir, A. E., Pianykh, O. S., Geis, J. R., Pandharipande, P. V., Brink, J. A., & Dreyer, K. J. (2018) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2018171820 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecision medicine for cancer with next-generation functional diagnostics
Friedman, A. A., Letai, A., Fisher, D. E., & Flaherty, K. T. (2015) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc4015 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Quantitative Imaging in Cancer Evolution and Ecology
Gatenby, R. A., Grove, O., & Gillies, R. J. (2013) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.13122697 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
The “inconvenient truth” about AI in healthcare
Panch, T., Mattie, H., & Celi, L. A. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0155-4 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Kim, D. W., Jang, H. Y., Kim, K. W., Shin, Y., & Park, S. H. (2019) · Korean Journal of Radiology · doi:10.3348/kjr.2019.0025 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
AI in Health: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions
Wang, F., & Preininger, A. (2019) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677908 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
What the radiologist should know about artificial intelligence – an ESR white paper
European Society of Radiology (2019) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-019-0738-2 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Kickingereder, P., Bonekamp, D., Nowosielski, M., Kratz, A., Sill, M., Burth, S., Wick, A., Eidel, O., Schlemmer, H., Radbruch, A., et al. (2016) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2016161382 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
COVID-19 on Chest Radiographs: A Multireader Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence System
Murphy, K., Smits, H., Knoops, A. J. G., Korst, M. B. J. M., Samson, T., Scholten, E. T., Schalekamp, S., Schaefer‐Prokop, C. M., Philipsen, R. H. H. M., Meijers, A., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201874 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
A Deep Learning Model to Triage Screening Mammograms: A Simulation Study
Yala, A., Schuster, T., Miles, R., Barzilay, R., & Lehman, C. (2019) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182908 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Unsupervised Identification of Disease Marker Candidates in Retinal OCT Imaging Data
Seeböck, P., Waldstein, S. M., Riedl, S., Bogunović, H., Schlegl, T., Gerendas, B. S., Donner, R., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M., & Langs, G. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2018.2877080 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationHarvey, H. B., Catherine, L., Ai, J., Jaworsky, C., Guerrier, C. E., Flores, E. J., & Pianykh, O. S. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.05.007 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationThrun, S., & Mitchell, T. M. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79629-6_7 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Handcrafted versus deep learning radiomics for prediction of cancer therapy response
Hosny, A., Aerts, H. J. W. L., & Mak, R. H. (2019) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(19)30062-7 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Machine Learning for Predicting Patient Wait Times and Appointment Delays
Curtis, C., Liu, C., Bollerman, T. J., & Pianykh, O. S. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.08.021 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMachine learning: from radiomics to discovery and routine
Langs, G., Röhrich, S., Hofmanninger, J., Prayer, F., Pan, J., Herold, C., & Prosch, H. (2018) · Der Radiologe · doi:10.1007/s00117-018-0407-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationData Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Aerts, H. J. W. L. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2804 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Vogl, W., Waldstein, S. M., Gerendas, B. S., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M., & Langs, G. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2017.2700213 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous learning of compiler heuristics
Tartara, M., & Reghizzi, S. C. (2013) · ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization · doi:10.1145/2400682.2400705 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Continuous Learning from Human Post-Edits for Neural Machine Translation
Turchi, M., Negri, M., Farajian, M. A., & Marcello, F. (2017) · The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics · doi:10.1515/pralin-2017-0023 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Probabilistic Modeling of Imaging, Genetics and Diagnosis
Batmanghelich, K. N., Dalca, A. V., Quon, G., Sabuncu, M. R., & Golland, P. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2527784 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Robot life-long task learning from human demonstrations: a Bayesian approach
Koenig, N. P., & Matarić, M. J. (2016) · Autonomous Robots · doi:10.1007/s10514-016-9601-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Learning to Identify Nonverbal Sounds: An Application of a Computer as a Teaching Machine
Swets, J. A., Millman, S. H., Fletcher, W. E., & Green, D. M. (1962) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1918223 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-improving AI: an Analysis
Hall, J. S. (2007) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-007-9065-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology
Thompson, R. F., Valdés, G., Fuller, C. D., Carpenter, C. M., Morin, O., Aneja, S., Lindsay, W. D., Aerts, H. J. W. L., Agrimson, B., Deville, C., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.072 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Real-time continuous AI systems
Bennett, M. E. (1987) · IEE Proceedings D Control Theory and Applications · doi:10.1049/ip-d.1987.0045 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Andrearczyk, V., Depeursinge, A., & Mueller, H. (2019) · SPIE Medical Imaging: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications · doi:10.1117/12.2512683 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Longitudinal Alignment of Disease Progression in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease
Vogl, W., Prosch, H., Müller-Mang, C., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M., & Langs, G. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10470-6_13 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThree Reasons Why Artificial Intelligence Might Be the Radiologist’s Best Friend
van Rijn, R. R., & Luca, A. D. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200855 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Why Radiologists Have Nothing to Fear From Deep Learning
Bratt, A. K. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2019.02.037 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Redefining Radiology: A Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Imaging
Najjar, R. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13172760 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Lekadir, K., Frangi, A. F., Porras, A. R., Glocker, B., Cintas, C., Langlotz, C. P., Weicken, E., Asselbergs, F. W., Prior, F., Collins, G. S., et al. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081554 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
The current and future state of AI interpretation of medical images
Rajpurkar, P., & Lungren, M. P. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2301725 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology in E-Health
Tagde, P., Tagde, S., Bhattacharya, T., Tagde, P., Chopra, H., Akter, R., Kaushik, D., & Rahman, M. H. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16223-0 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Temporal quality degradation in AI models
Jarquin, D. V., Sharp, A., Zhang, R., Nguyen, T., Hoang, A. T., & Pianykh, O. S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15245-z · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep Learning: An Update for Radiologists
Cheng, P. M., Montagnon, E., Yamashita, R., Pan, I., Cadrin-Chênevert, A., Romero, F., Chartrand, G., Kadoury, S., & Tang, A. (2021) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.2021200210 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Eche, T., Schwartz, L. H., Mokrane, F.-Z., & Dercle, L. (2021) · Radiology: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1148/ryai.2021210097 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
AI in Orthodontics: Revolutionizing Diagnostics and Treatment Planning—A Comprehensive Review
Kazimierczak, N., Kazimierczak, W., Serafin, Z., Nowicki, P., Nożewski, J., & Janiszewska‐Olszowska, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020344 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Imaging Artificial Intelligence
Tejani, A. S., Ng, Y. S., Xi, Y., & Rayan, J. C. (2024) · RadioGraphics · doi:10.1148/rg.230067 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Graziani, M., Dutkiewicz, L., Calvaresi, D., Amorim, J. P., Yordanova, K., Vered, M., Nair, R. S., Abreu, P. H., Blanke, T., Pulignano, V., et al. (2022) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10256-8 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in radiology
Mello-Thoms, C. R., & Mello, C. A. B. (2023) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20221031 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Rahimi, A. K., Pienaar, O., Ghadimi, M., Canfell, O. J., Pole, J. D., Shrapnel, S., van der Vegt, A. H., & Sullivan, C. M. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/49655 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Transparent medical image AI via an image–text foundation model grounded in medical literature
Kim, C., Gadgil, S. U., DeGrave, A. J., Omiye, J. A., Cai, Z. R., Daneshjou, R., & Lee, S.-I. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02887-x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Quantifying Uncertainty in Deep Learning of Radiologic Images
Faghani, S., Moassefi, M., Rouzrokh, P., Khosravi, B., Baffour, F. I., Ringler, M. D., & Erickson, B. J. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.222217 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Hickman, S. E., Baxter, G. C., & Gilbert, F. J. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01333-w · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Dynamic Memory to Alleviate Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning with Medical Imaging
Perkonigg, M., Hofmanninger, J., Herold, C. J., Brink, J. A., Pianykh, O., Prosch, H., & Langs, G. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25858-z · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationVoets, M. M., Veltman, J., Slump, C. H., Siesling, S., & Koffijberg, H. (2022) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2021.11.1362 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Brady, A. P., Allen, B., Chong, J., Kotter, E., Kottler, N. E., Mongan, J., Oakden‐Rayner, L., dos Santos, D. P., Tang, A., Wald, C., et al. (2024) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-023-01541-3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Motwani, A., Shukla, P. K., & Pawar, M. K. (2022) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2022.102431 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Montero, A. M. B., Bibal, A., Huet‐Dastarac, M., Draguet, C., Valdés, G., Nguyen, D. T. D., Willems, S., Vandewinckele, L., Holmström, M., Löfman, F., et al. (2022) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ac678a · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Slart, R. H. J. A., Williams, M. A., Juárez‐Orozco, L. E., Rischpler, C., Dweck, M. R., Glaudemans, A. W. J. M., Gimelli, A., Georgoulias, P., Gheysens, O. S., Gaemperli, O., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-021-05341-z · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Allen, B., Dreyer, K. J., Stibolt, R., Agarwal, S., Coombs, L. P., Treml, C., Elkholy, M., Brink, L., & Wald, C. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.022 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Brady, A. P., Allen, B., Chong, J., Kotter, E., Kottler, N. E., Mongan, J., Oakden‐Rayner, L., dos Santos, D. P., Tang, A., Wald, C., et al. (2024) · Radiology Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1148/ryai.230513 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Understanding Biases and Disparities in Radiology AI Datasets: A Review
Tripathi, S., Gabriel, K., Dheer, S., Parajuli, A., Augustin, A. I., Elahi, A., Awan, O., & Dako, F. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2023.06.015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Anudjo, M. N. K., Vitale, C. H., Elshami, W., Hancock, A., Adeleke, S. M., Franklin, J. M., & Akudjedu, T. N. (2023) · Radiography · doi:10.1016/j.radi.2023.09.006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
AI in radiology: From promise to practice − A guide to effective integration
Katal, S., York, B. R., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2024) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111798 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Rodler, S., Kopliku, R., Ulrich, D., Kaltenhauser, A., Casuscelli, J., Eismann, L., Waidelich, R., Buchner, A., Butz, A., Cacciamani, G. E., et al. (2024) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2023.10.020 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
From Machine Learning to Patient Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review of AI in Pancreatic Cancer
Tripathi, S., Tabari, A., Mansur, A., Dabbara, H., Bridge, C. P., & Daye, D. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14020174 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Automatic multiclass intramedullary spinal cord tumor segmentation on MRI with deep learning
Lemay, A., Gros, C., Zhuo, Z., Zhang, J., Duan, Y., Cohen‐Adad, J., & Liu, Y. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102766 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
How AI challenges the medical device regulation: patient safety, benefits, and intended uses
Onitiu, D., Wachter, S., & Mittelstadt, B. (2024) · Journal of Law and the Biosciences · doi:10.1093/jlb/lsae007 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lekadir, K., Osuala, R., Gallin, C., Lazrak, N., Kushibar, K., Tsakou, G., Aussó, S., Alberich, L. C., Marias, K., Tsiknakis, M., et al. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.09658 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Brady, A. P., Allen, B., Chong, J., Kotter, E., Kottler, N. E., Mongan, J., Oakden‐Rayner, L., dos Santos, D. P., Tang, A., Wald, C., et al. (2024) · Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal · doi:10.1177/08465371231222229 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Antonissen, N. J. C., Tryfonos, O., Houben, I. B., Jacobs, C., de Rooij, M., & van Leeuwen, K. G. (2025) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11830-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Brady, A. P., Allen, B., Chong, J., Kotter, E., Kottler, N. E., Mongan, J., Oakden‐Rayner, L., dos Santos, D. P., Tang, A., Wald, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1111/1754-9485.13612 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sustainable deployment of clinical prediction tools—a 360° approach to model maintenance
Davis, S. E., Embí, P. J., & Matheny, M. E. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae036 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Enhancing Postmarketing Surveillance of Medical Products With Large Language Models
Matheny, M. E., Yang, J., Smith, J., Walsh, C. G., Al-Garadi, M. A., Davis, S. E., Marsolo, K. A., Fabbri, D., Reeves, R. R., Johnson, K. B., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.28276 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The AI revolution in glaucoma: Bridging challenges with opportunities
Li, F., Wang, D., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Jiang, J., Liu, X., Kong, K., Zhou, F., Tham, C. C. Y., Medeiros, F. A., et al. (2024) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101291 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Linguraru, M. G., Bakas, S., Aboian, M., Chang, P., Flanders, A. E., Kalpathy–Cramer, J., Kitamura, F., Lungren, M. P., Mongan, J., Prevedello, L. M. S., et al. (2024) · Radiology Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1148/ryai.240225 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
McMillan, A. B., & Bradshaw, T. (2021) · PET Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2021.06.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pitfalls in Interpretive Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology
Behzad, S., Tabatabaei, S. M. H., Lu, M. Y., Eibschutz, L. S., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2024) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.24.31493 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Resilience-aware MLOps for AI-based medical diagnostic system
Москаленко, В. В., & Kharchenko, V. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342937 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The U.S. Radiologist Workforce: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review
Rozenshtein, A., Findeiss, L., Wood, M. J., Shih, G., & Parikh, J. R. (2024) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.24.32085 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kumari, P., Chauhan, J., Bozorgpour, A., Huang, B., Azad, R., & Merhof, D. (2025) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2025.103730 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Artificial Intelligence in Digital Radiology: Part 1: The Challenges, Acceptance and Consensus
Giansanti, D., & Basilio, F. D. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10030509 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Machine Learning Model Drift: Predicting Diagnostic Imaging Follow-Up as a Case Example
Lacson, R. C., Eskian, M., Licaros, A., Kapoor, N., & Khorasani, R. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2022.05.030 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Taib, A. G., Darker, I. T., & James, J. J. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.223299 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sosna, J., Joskowicz, L., & Saban, M. (2025) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.240982 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Toward an Automated Learning Control Architecture for Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems
Kovalenko, I., Moyne, J. R., Bi, M., Balta, E. C., Ma, W., Qamsane, Y., Zhu, X., Mao, Z. M., Tilbury, D. M., & Barton, K. L. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3165551 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Abumalloh, R. A., Nilashi, M., Ooi, K., Tan, G. W., & Chan, H. K. (2024) · Computers in Industry · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2024.104128 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lessons learned in transitioning to AI in the medical imaging of COVID-19
Naqa, I. M. E., Hu, Q., Chen, W., Li, H., Fuhrman, J. D., Gorre, N., & Giger, M. L. (2021) · Journal of medical imaging · doi:10.1117/1.jmi.8.s1.010902 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
What is Wrong with Continual Learning in Medical Image Segmentation?
González, C., Lemke, N., Ranem, A., Sakas, G., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2025) · doi:10.1145/3746259.3760435 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Brady, A. P., Allen, B., Chong, J., Kotter, E., Kottler, N. E., Mongan, J., Oakden‐Rayner, L., dos Santos, D. P., Tang, A., Wald, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2023.12.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Education: Innovations and Perspectives
Negrete, D., Lopes, S. L. P. D. C., Barretto, M. D. D. A., de Moura, N. B., Nahás-Scocate, A. C. R., & Costa, A. L. F. (2025) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj13060245 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Radiology and the Climate Crisis: Opportunities and Challenges—Radiology In Training
Buckley, B. W., & MacMahon, P. J. (2021) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2021210851 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Deployment of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Strategies for Success
Jiang, S., Bukhari, S. M. A., Krishnan, A., Bera, K., Sharma, A., Caovan, D., Rosipko, B., & Gupta, A. B. (2024) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.24.31898 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A roadmap to implementing machine learning in healthcare: from concept to practice
Yan, A. P., Guo, L. L., Inoue, J., Arciniegas, S. E., Vettese, E., Wolochacz, A., Crellin‐Parsons, N., Purves, B., Wallace, S., Patel, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1462751 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
An EANM position paper on the application of artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine
Hustinx, R., Pruim, J., Laßmann, M., & Visvikis, D. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05947-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pham, N., Hill, V. B., Rauschecker, A. M., Lui, Y. W., Niogi, S. N., Filippi, C. G., Chang, P., Zaharchuk, G., & Wintermark, M. (2023) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7850 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
de Almeida, J. G., Messiou, C., Withey, S. J., Matos, C., Koh, D.-M., & Papanikolaou, N. (2025) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11654-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
MLHOps: Machine Learning Health Operations
Khattak, F. K., Subasri, V., Krishnan, A., Pou-Prom, C., Koçak, S. A., Dolatabadi, E., Pandya, D., Seyyed-Kalantari, L., & Rudzicz, F. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3521279 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Adversarial Continual Learning for Multi-domain Hippocampal Segmentation
Memmel, M., González, C., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87722-4_4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Continual Hippocampus Segmentation with Transformers
Ranem, A., González, C., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2022) · IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00415 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tyskbo, D., & Nygren, J. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117298 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Updates in Artificial Intelligence for Breast Imaging
Bahl, M. (2021) · Seminars in Roentgenology · doi:10.1053/j.ro.2021.12.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Silkens, M., Ross, J., Hall, M., Scarbrough, H., & Rockall, A. (2023) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2022.09.132 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
CIRSE Position Paper on Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Radiology
Najafi, A., Cazzato, R. L., Meyer, B. C., Pereira, P. L., Alberich, A., López‐Rueda, A., Ronot, M., Fritz, J. M., Maas, M., Benson, S., et al. (2023) · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00270-023-03521-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., Ma, X., Wang, W., Dong, S., Wang, K., Wu, L., Luo, G., Wang, G., & Li, S. (2024) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2024.103112 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tong, W., Zhang, X., Zeng, H., Pan, J., Gong, C., & Zhang, H. (2024) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/48594 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning—A Literature Review
Kalsi, S., French, H., Chhaya, S., Madani, H., Mir, R., Anosova, A., & Dubash, S. (2024) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2024.06.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Perspectives of medical imaging professionals about the impact of AI on Swiss radiographers
Champendal, M., Labouchère, S. D., Ghotra, S. S., Gremion, I., Sun, Z., Torre, S., Khine, R., Marmy, L., Malamateniou, C., & dos Reis, C. S. (2024) · Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101741 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fathi, M., Eshraghi, R., Behzad, S., Tavasol, A., Bahrami, A., Tafazolimoghadam, A., Bhatt, V. V., Ghadimi, D. J., & Gholamrezanezhad, A. (2024) · Emergency Radiology · doi:10.1007/s10140-024-02278-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bucolo, M. A. R., Bucolo, G., Buscarino, A., Fiumara, A., Fortuna, L., & Gagliano, S. (2022) · Applied Bionics and Biomechanics · doi:10.1155/2022/1072642 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Brink, J. A., & Hricak, H. (2022) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.222594 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationPerioperative risk scores: prediction, pitfalls, and progress
Bedford, J., Redfern, O., O’Brien, B., & Watkinson, P. (2024) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000001445 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Abbasi, N., Lacson, R. C., Kapoor, N., Licaros, A., Guenette, J. P., Burk, K. S., Hammer, M. M., Desai, S. P., Eappen, S., Saini, S., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.23.29120 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kim, J., Kim, S. Y., Kim, E.-A., Sim, J.-A., Lee, Y., & Kim, H. (2024) · Asian Bioethics Review · doi:10.1007/s41649-024-00281-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Perkonigg, M., Hofmanninger, J., & Langs, G. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78191-0_50 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence Enabling Radiology Reporting
Bizzo, B. C., de Almeida, R. R., & Alkasab, T. K. (2021) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2021.07.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
ACR’s Connect and AI-LAB technical framework
Brink, L., Coombs, L. P., Veettil, D. K., Kuchipudi, K., Marella, S., Schmidt, K., Nair, S. S., Tilkin, M., Treml, C., Chang, K., et al. (2022) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac094 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pizzolla, I., Aro, R., Duez, P., Lièvre, B. D., & Briganti, G. (2023) · The Journal of Interactive Learning Research · doi:10.70725/265312mqoebd · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Leadership in radiology in the era of technological advancements and artificial intelligence
Wichtmann, B. D., Paech, D., Pianykh, O. S., Huang, S. Y., Seltzer, S. E., Brink, J. A., & Fennessy, F. M. (2025) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11745-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationBoulemtafes, A., Derhab, A., & Challal, Y. (2022) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-022-00640-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nirapai, A., & Leelasantitham, A. (2024) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100369 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bhagawati, M., Paul, S., Mantella, L. E., Johri, A. M., Gupta, S., Laird, J. R., Singh, I. M., Khanna, N. N., Al-Maini, M., Isenović, E. R., et al. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14171894 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Li, W., Zhang, Y., Zhou, H., Yang, W., Xie, Z., & He, Y. (2024) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2024.103404 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Ye, F., Wang, Y., Zheng, X., Huang, Y., & Zhou, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.845334 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chapiro, J., Allen, B., Abajian, A. C., Wood, B. J., Kothary, N., Daye, D., Bai, H. X., Sedrakyan, A., Diamond, M., Simonyan, V. V., et al. (2022) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2022.06.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
AUR-RRA Review: Logistics of Academic-Industry Partnerships in Artificial Intelligence
Spilseth, B., McKnight, C. D., Li, M., Park, C. J., Fried, J. G., Yi, P. H., Brian, J. M., Lehman, C. D., Wang, X., Phalke, V., et al. (2021) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2021.08.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Application of fairness to healthcare, organizational justice, and finance: A survey
Birzhandi, P., & Cho, Y.-S. (2022) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119465 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ouyang, C.-H., Chen, C.-C., Tee, Y., Lin, W., Kuo, L., Liao, C.-A., Cheng, C., & Liao, C. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10060735 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Diagnostic Classification of the Pathological Image Using Computer Vision
Matsuzaka, Y., & Yashiro, R. (2025) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a18020096 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Risk Assessment and Classification of Medical Device Software for the Internet of Medical Things
Brass, I., & Mkwashi, A. (2022) · International Conference on the Internet of Things (IoT) · doi:10.1145/3567445.3571104 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
AI-enhanced PET/CT image synthesis using CycleGAN for improved ovarian cancer imaging
Farshchitabrizi, A. H., Sadeghi, M. H., Sina, S., Alavi, M., Feshani, Z. N., & Omidi, H. (2025) · Polish Journal of Radiology · doi:10.5114/pjr/196804 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Addressing data heterogeneity in distributed medical imaging with heterosync learning
Hu, H.-T., Li, M., Lin, X.-X., Cai, M.-Y., Liu, S., Wu, S., Tong, W., Ye, F.-Y., Hu, J., Ke, W.-P., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64459-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kuo, M., Chiu, K. W.-H., Wang, D. S., Larici, A. R., Poplavskiy, D., Valentini, A., Napoli, A., Borghesi, A., Ligabue, G., Fang, B., et al. (2022) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-022-08969-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Making Your AI Smarter: Continuous Learning Artificial Intelligence for Radiology
McMillan, A. B. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020202664 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Impact on and Ethical Considerations of Artificial Intelligence on Human Healthcare
Ntjamba, F. C., & Ashipala, D. O. (2024) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9158-7.ch001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Huynh, B. N., Groendahl, A. R., Tomić, O., Liland, K. H., Knudtsen, I. S., Hoebers, F. J. P., van Elmpt, W., Dale, E., Malinen, E., & Futsæther, C. M. (2024) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ad6dcd · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Li, M., Chang, K., Mei, X., Bernheim, A., Chung, M., Steinberger, S., Kalpathy–Cramer, J., & Little, B. P. (2021) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.21.26717 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hoebers, F. J. P., Wee, L., Likitlersuang, J., Mak, R. H., Bitterman, D. S., Huang, Y., Dekker, A. L. A. J., Aerts, H. J. W. L., & Kann, B. H. (2023) · BJR|Open · doi:10.1093/bjro/tzae039 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pianykh, O. S., Langs, G., Dewey, M., Enzmann, D. R., Herold, C. J., Schoenberg, S. O., & Brink, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 297
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-14
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W3081038317
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiology practices and education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in radiology, AI implementation, knowledge discovery from data, dynamic model updating, radiology automation
- MeSH terms
- Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Radiology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review