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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China
Open accessAbstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, the World Health Organization officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because most patients infected with COVID-19 had pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiologic examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and the assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control.
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“There are currently a number of different ways to detect COVID-19, whereas computed tomography and X-rays remain the major surgical techniques [80–82].”
From A comprehensive survey on federated learning techniques for healthcare informatics (2023) · cites this paper as [82]
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“5% (n=3498) patients were diagnosed as pneumonia (25).”
InfluentialRetractedClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
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“An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China (1-3) in December 2019.”
InfluentialSelf-citationA novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
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“clusters of infected family members and medical workers confirmed the presence of humanto-human transmission (12) by droplets, contact and fomite (26-27).”
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“A small number of patients can have headache or hemoptysis (26,32) and even relatively asymptomatic (12).”
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“An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China (1-3) in December 2019.”
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- Chinese Society of Radiology, 2020, Chin J Radiol, 54, E001
- Chen HJ, Lancet
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“Introduction During the end of December 2019, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia [now being called as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] started in Wuhan, China [1-4].”
BackgroundTransfer learning-based convolutional neural network for COVID-19 detection with X-ray images
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“The world is scuffling with the novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (Lai et al., 2020; Weiss and Leibowitz, 2011; Zu et al., 2020), that is spreading fast, endangering lives of millions of people in many parts of the world (T, 2003).”
CT in relation to RT-PCR in diagnosing COVID-19 in The Netherlands: A prospective study
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“One of these reasons is because it is known that both CT and PCR can be false negative in early stages of COVID-19 [5, 7, 16].”
BackgroundClinical Significance of an IgM and IgG Test for Diagnosis of Highly Suspected COVID-19
Jia, X., Zhang, P., Tian, Y., Wang, J., Zeng, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., He, H., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.569266 · Cited by 84
Self-citationChinese Society of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Cui, Y., Li, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01548-x · Cited by 83
Association between obesity and clinical prognosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Cai, S., Liao, W., Chen, S.-W., Liu, L., Liu, S.-Y., & Zheng, Z. (2020) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00703-5 · Cited by 83
“Most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will develop pneumonia [22].”
BackgroundCOVIDiag: a clinical CAD system to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia based on CT findings
Ardakani, A. A., Acharya, U. R., Habibollahi, S., & Mohammadi, A. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07087-y · Cited by 83
“The most frequent CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are GGO, crazy-paving pattern, mixed GGO and consolidation, bilateral lobe involvement, and subpleural lesions [14, 15].”
BackgroundHypergraph learning for identification of COVID-19 with CT imaging
Di, D., Shi, F., Yan, F., Xia, L., Mo, Z., Ding, Z., Shan, F., Song, B., Li, S., Wei, Y., et al. (2020) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2020.101910 · Cited by 81
“As introduced in (Zu et al., 2020), COVID-19 patients could be divided into mild, moderate, severe and critically ill stages, according to the severity of disease development.”
Mansourabadi, A. H., Sadeghalvad, M., Mohammadi‐Motlagh, H., & Rezaei, N. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118185 · Cited by 83
Xia, J., Zhang, Y., Ni, L., Chen, L., Zhou, C., Gao, C., Wu, X., Duan, J., Xie, J., Guo, Q., et al. (2020) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004558 · Cited by 80
Follow-Up Study of the Chest CT Characteristics of COVID-19 Survivors Seven Months After Recovery
Liu, M., Lv, F., Huang, Y., & Xiao, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.636298 · Cited by 81
Hirotsu, Y., Mochizuki, H., & Omata, M. (2020) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113926 · Cited by 80
Kumar, S., Singh, R., Kumari, N., Karmakar, S., Behera, M., Siddiqui, A. J., Rajput, V. D., Minkina, T., Bauddh, K., & Kumar, N. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12165-1 · Cited by 83
“and liver failure are most likely to occur (Pal et al. 2020; Zu et al. 2020; Huang et al. 2020).”
BackgroundChauhan, D. S., Prasad, R., Srivastava, R., Jaggi, M., Chauhan, S. C., & Yallapu, M. M. (2020) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00323 · Cited by 81
Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Wei, L., Ji, J. S., Yang, J., Liu, R., Zha, Y., Chang, X., Zhang, L., Liu, Q., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261216 · Cited by 79
Self-citationde Jaegere, T. M. H., Krdzalic, J., Fasen, B. A. C. M., Kwee, R. M., & COVID-19 CT Investigators South-East Netherlands (CISEN) study group (2020) · Radiology Cardiothoracic Imaging · doi:10.1148/ryct.2020200213 · Cited by 78
“Before chest CT interpretation, the readers studied the literature with regard to the typical chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia (18–22).”
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in Gansu province, China
Yue, H., Bai, X., Wang, J., Yu, Q., Liu, W., Pu, J., Wang, X., Hu, J., Xu, D., Li, X., et al. (2020) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-20-887 · Cited by 78
The role of mesenchymal stromal cells in immune modulation of COVID-19: focus on cytokine storm
Kavianpour, M., Saleh, M., & Verdi, J. (2020) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-020-01849-7 · Cited by 78
Association Between Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19
Yu, T., Cai, S., Zheng, Z., Cai, X., Liu, Y., Yin, S., Peng, J., & Xu, X. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.04.009 · Cited by 76
Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases
Caro‐Domínguez, P., Shelmerdine, S. C., Toso, S., Secinaro, A., Tomà, P., Damasio, M. B., Navallas, M., Riaza, L., Gómez‐Pastrana, D., Mahani, M. G., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-020-04747-5 · Cited by 76
“Although chest radiography can be a useful tool in the investigation of lower respiratory tract infections, the extent to which this should be utilized in children with COVID-19 remains unclear [2].”
BackgroundTackling COVID‐19 Using Remdesivir and Favipiravir as Therapeutic Options
Obireddy, S. R., & Lai, W. (2020) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202000595 · Cited by 76
Song, J., Wang, H., Liu, Y., Wu, W., Dai, G., Wu, Z., Zhu, P., Zhang, W., Yeom, K. W., & Deng, K. (2020) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-020-04929-1 · Cited by 74
Which role for chest x-ray score in predicting the outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia?
Maroldi, R., Rondi, P., Agazzi, G. M., Ravanelli, M., Borghesi, A., & Farina, D. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07504-2 · Cited by 75
Hossain, M. M., Sultana, A., & Purohit, N. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3561265 · Cited by 75
Changes to the extreme and erratic behaviour of cryptocurrencies during COVID-19
James, N., Menzies, M., & Chan, J. (2020) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2020.125581 · Cited by 74
“In epidemiology, studies have focused on the spread of COVID-19 and potential measures of containment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], while clinical research has explored potential treatments for the disease [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12], including a vaccine [13].”
Xiao, Q., Brown, L. G., Foran, D. J., Nosher, J. L., & Hacihaliloglu, I. (2021) · International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11548-020-02305-w · Cited by 72
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered coronavirus [1,2].”
BackgroundGoh, Y., Chua, W., Lee, J. K. T., Ang, B. W. L., Liang, C. R., Tan, C. A., Choong, D. A. W., Hoon, H. X., Ong, M. K. L., & Quek, S. T. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.027 · Cited by 73
Tan, L., Kang, X., Ji, X., Li, G., Wang, Q. M., Li, Y., Wang, Q., & Miao, H. (2020) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2020.05.002 · Cited by 73
“According to the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis Program (5th edition), published by the National Health Commission of China, the disease severity of patients with COVID-19 can be divided into 4 categories: mild, moderate, severe, and critical.(5) Current experience reveals that the majority of Context and Signifi…”
Sheervalilou, R., Shirvaliloo, M., Dadashzadeh, N., Shirvalilou, S., Shahraki, O., Pilehvar‐Soltanahmadi, Y., Ghaznavi, H., Khoei, S., & Nazarlou, Z. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29735 · Cited by 74
“Table 2 represents the criteria for diagnosis of COVID‐19 infected patients (Committee, 2020b; Zu et al., 2020; WWW.ClinicalTrials.gov).”
BackgroundInfluentialUmair, M., Khan, M. S., Ahmed, F., Baothman, F. A., Alqahtani, F., Alian, M., & Ahmad, J. E. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21175813 · Cited by 80
Climate change and COVID-19: Interdisciplinary perspectives from two global crises
Khojasteh, D., Davani, E., Shamsipour, A., Haghani, M., & Glamore, W. C. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157142 · Cited by 80
“pandemic by the World Health Organisation shortly thereafter (Singhal, 2020; Zu et al., 2020).”
Nanomaterial Based Biosensors for Detection of Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2: A Review
Bisht, A., Mishra, A., Bisht, H. S., & Tripathi, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Analysis and Testing · doi:10.1007/s41664-021-00200-0 · Cited by 73
“The virus was identified when the throat swab and lower respiratory tract samples were collected and tested by RT PCR technique [22].”
MethodTripathy, H. K., Mishra, S., Suman, S., Nayyar, A., & Sahoo, K. S. (2022) · Computing · doi:10.1007/s00607-021-01039-0 · Cited by 72
Diagnosis of COVID-19 from X-rays Using Combined CNN-RNN Architecture with Transfer LearningPreprint
Al-Rakhami, M. S., Islam, M. M., Islam, M. Z., Asraf, A., Sodhro, A. H., & Ding, W. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.08.24.20181339 · Cited by 71
Rajagopal, K., Keller, S. P., Akkanti, B. H., Bime, C., Loyalka, P., Cheema, F. H., Zwischenberger, J. B., Banayosy, A. E., Pappalardo, F., Slaughter, M. S., et al. (2020) · ASAIO Journal · doi:10.1097/mat.0000000000001180 · Cited by 74
Percepción docente respecto al trabajo pedagógico durante la COVID-19
Ramos-Huenteo, V., García-Vásquez, H., Olea-González, C., Lobos, K., & Sáez-Delgado, F. (2020) · CienciAmérica · doi:10.33210/ca.v9i2.325 · Cited by 71
“Sin embargo, sus síntomas pueden incluir fiebre, tos y dificultad para respirar, en casos más severos, la infección puede causar neumonía o dificultades respiratorias y en ocasiones puede ser fatal [2] [3].”
BackgroundThe impact of social distancing policy on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia
Lutfi, M., Buntuang, P. C. D., Kornelius, Y., Erdiyansyah, & Hasanuddin, B. (2020) · Problems and Perspectives in Management · doi:10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.40 · Cited by 73
“(COVID-19) (Huang et al., 2020; Zu et al., 2020) as it has become a pandemic and a global health issue (Clerkin et al., 2020).”
Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19
Yildirim, Z., Sahin, O. S., Yazar, S., & Çetintaş, V. B. (2021) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1002/cbin.11572 · Cited by 72
“According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline, Covid‐19 severity is classified into four groups: mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease (Zu et al., 2020).”
MethodHegyi, P. J., Váncsa, S., Ocskay, K., Dembrovszky, F., Kiss, S., Farkas, N., Erőss, B. M., Szakács, Z., Hegyi, P. J., & Pár, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.626425 · Cited by 70
Ahmadzadeh, M., Farokhi, E., & Shams, M. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128147 · Cited by 75
PAM-DenseNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Computer-Aided COVID-19 Diagnosis
Xiao, B., Yang, Z., Qiu, X., Xiao, J., Wang, G., Zeng, W., Li, W., Nian, Y., & Chen, W. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2020.3042837 · Cited by 71
“Presently, the diagnosis methods of COVID-19 mainly include medical imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT) [4], [5] and chest X-ray [6], [7], and an etiological method, such as reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [8], [9].”
MethodSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J.
- Affiliations
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y.Z., M.D.J., P.P.X., Q.Q.N., G.M.L., L.J.Z.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei, China (W.C.).
- Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Long Jiang
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E15-E25
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- PMC
- PMC7233368
- OpenAlex
- W3008627141
- Cited by
- 2,070
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 359 · 2021: 612 · 2020: 744
- FWCI
- 63.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0113400)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, chest CT findings, pneumonia, early diagnosis, clinical symptoms, disease control, Wuhan outbreak, China
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Testing, China, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Coronavirus Infections, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Early Diagnosis, Pandemics
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