Adipogenic and lipolytic effects of chronic glucocorticoid exposure
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been proposed to be both adipogenic and lipolytic in action within adipose tissue, although it is unknown whether these actions can occur simultaneously. Here we investigate both the in vitro and in vivo effects of corticosterone (Cort) on adipose tissue metabolism. Cort increased 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not increase lipogenesis in adipocytes. Cort increased lipolysis within adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (maximum effect at 1–10 μM). Surprisingly, removal of Cort further increased lipolytic rates (∼320% above control, P < 0.05), indicating a residual effect on basal lipolysis. mRNA and protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and phosphorylated status of hormone sensitive lipase (Ser563/Ser660) were increased with 48 h of Cort treatment. To test these responses in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously implanted with wax pellets with/without Cort (300 mg). After 10 days, adipose depots were removed and cultured ex vivo. Both free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations were elevated in fed and fasting conditions in Cort-treated rats. Despite increased lipolysis, Cort rats had more visceral adiposity than sham rats (10.2 vs. 6.9 g/kg body wt, P < 0.05). Visceral adipocytes from Cort rats were smaller and more numerous than those in sham rats, suggesting that adipogenesis occurred through preadipocyte differentiation rather than adipocyte hypertrophy. Visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipocyte cultures from Cort-treated rats displayed a 1.5-fold increase in basal lipolytic rates compared with sham rats ( P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that chronic glucocorticoid exposure stimulates both lipolysis and adipogenesis in visceral adipose tissue but favors adipogenesis primarily through preadipocyte differentiation.
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Glucocorticoids enhance basal lipolysis in rodents.
“However, glucocorticoids enhance basal lipolysis in rodents,4, 23 which we did not observe in humans, highlighting species‐specific differences in the glucocorticoid regulation of lipolysis.”
From Acute physiological effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism in humans are permissive but not direct (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
This had not been tested in vivo in humans.
“Although previous studies have tested how glucocorticoids regulate the lipolytic pathway in rodents (by increasing ATGL and HSL),4, 23 this had not been tested in vivo in humans.”
From Acute physiological effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism in humans are permissive but not direct (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
Previous studies have tested how glucocorticoids regulate the lipolytic pathway in rodents by increasing ATGL and HSL.
“Although previous studies have tested how glucocorticoids regulate the lipolytic pathway in rodents (by increasing ATGL and HSL),4, 23 this had not been tested in vivo in humans.”
From Acute physiological effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism in humans are permissive but not direct (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Campbell, J. E., Peckett, A. J., D'souza, A. M., Hawke, T. J., & Riddell, M. C.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Riddell, Michael C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- C198-C209
- ISSN
- 0363-6143 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1563
- OpenAlex
- W2156518031
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- glucocorticoids, corticosterone, adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipose tissue metabolism, preadipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, visceral fat, free fatty acids, glycerol, chronic glucocorticoid exposure
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