Postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis with glucose, galactose, and combined galactose-glucose ingestion
Open accessAbstract
Postexercise galactose-glucose coingestion or exclusive galactose-only ingestion resulted in a lower rate of skeletal-muscle glycogen replenishment compared with exclusive glucose-only ingestion. Comparable muscle glycogen synthesis was observed with galactose-glucose coingestion and exclusive galactose-only ingestion.
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Current research suggests that glucose and glucose-derived carbohydrates, with or without the addition of fructose, are the most effective sources for replenishing post-exercise muscle glycogen within a recovery window ≤ 8 h, and that addition of monosaccharide galactose results in inferior replenishment rates.
“current research suggests that glucose and glucose-derived carbohydrates, with or without the addition of fructose, are the most effective sources for replenishing post-exercise muscle glycogen within a recovery window ≤ 8 h, and that addition of monosaccharide galactose results in inferior replenishment rates [24]”
From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
Glucose alone at 1.2 g·kg−1⋅h-1 facilitated a 1.3-1.6 times higher post-exercise muscle glycogen synthesis rate than galactose alone or a glucose + galactose mix.
“glucose alone at the rate of 1.2 g·kg−1⋅h–1 facilitated a 1.3–1.6 times higher post-exercise muscle glycogen synthesis rate than galactose alone or a glucose + galactose mix”
From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
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Naderi, A., Rothschild, J. A., Santos, H. O., Hamidvand, A., Koozehchian, M. S., Ghazzagh, A., Berjisian, E., & Podlogar, T. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“More recently, Podlogar et al. [24] posited that a combination of galactose and glucose could yield similar results as compared with glucose alone in promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis.”
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- Authors
- Podlogar, T., Shad, B. J., Seabright, A. P., Odell, O. J., Lord, S. O., Civil, R., Salgueiro, R. B., Shepherd, E. L., Lalor, P. F., Elhassan, Y. S., Lai, Y.-C., Rowlands, D. S., & Wallis, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- Massey University (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Wallis, Gareth A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2023-12-01
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- E672-E681
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- PMC
- PMC10864004
- OpenAlex
- W4387728807
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Scholarship, Development, Disability and Maintenance Fund of the Republic of Slovenia
- Dairy Management
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- post-exercise recovery, muscle glycogen synthesis, galactose, glucose, skeletal muscle glycogen, carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Double-Blind Method, Eating, Female, Galactose, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Male, Muscle, Skeletal
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