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Cited by 140Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on glycogen resynthesis in human liver and skeletal muscle, measured by 13C MRS

Casey, Anna, Mann, Rob, Banister, Katie, Fox, John, Morris, Peter G., Macdonald, Ian A., Greenhaff, Paul L.·2000·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.1.e65
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Abstract

This study investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on postexercise glycogen resynthesis, measured simultaneously in liver and muscle ( n = 6) by 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and subsequent exercise capacity ( n = 10). Subjects cycled at 70% maximal oxygen uptake for 83 ± 8 min on six separate occasions. At the end of exercise, subjects ingested 1 g/kg body mass (BM) glucose, sucrose, or placebo (control). Resynthesis of glycogen over a 4-h period after treatment ingestion was measured on the first three occasions, and subsequent exercise capacity was measured on occasions four through six. No glycogen was resynthesized during the control trial. Liver glycogen resynthesis was evident after glucose (13 ± 8 g) and sucrose (25 ± 5 g) ingestion, both of which were different from control ( P < 0.01). No significant differences in muscle glycogen resynthesis were found among trials. A relationship between the CHO load (g) and change in liver glycogen content (g) was evident after 30, 90, 150, and 210 min of recovery ( r = 0.59–0.79, P< 0.05). Furthermore, a modest relationship existed between change in liver glycogen content (g) and subsequent exercise capacity ( r= 0.53, P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in mean exercise time was found (control: 35 ± 5, glucose: 40 ± 5, and sucrose: 46 ± 6 min). Therefore, 1 g/kg BM glucose or sucrose is sufficient to initiate postexercise liver glycogen resynthesis, which contributes to subsequent exercise capacity, but not muscle glycogen resynthesis.

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Crossref · 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.1.e65

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  • Glycogen stores can be rapidly depleted by approximately 40-60% within 90 min of moderate to high-intensity exercise.

    “However, these glycogen stores can be rapidly depleted (by ∼40–60%) within 90 min of moderate to high‐intensity exercise (Casey et al. 2000; Stevenson et al. 2009; Gonzalez et al. 2015).”

    From Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes (2019) · cites this paper as Casey et al. 2000

  • In the hours following exercise, carbohydrate ingestion is a requirement for substantial repletion of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen stores.

    “In the hours following exercise, carbohydrate ingestion is a requirement for substantial repletion of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen stores (Ivy et al. 1988; Casey et al. 2000; van Hall et al. 2000).”

    From Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes (2019) · cites this paper as Casey et al. 2000

  • Liver glycogen stores are depleted by approximately 40-60% during moderate to high-intensity exercise sessions that extend beyond 90 min without carbohydrate ingestion.

    “Liver glycogen stores are depleted by approximately 40–60% during moderate to high-intensity exercise sessions that extend beyond 90 min without carbohydrate ingestion [23].”

    From Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Glycogen stores are finite (<3000 kcal) and may limit the capacity for moderate to high intensity exercise (approximately 50-85% VO2max lasting >45 min).

    “Glycogen stores are therefore finite in nature (<3000 kcal) and hence may limit the capacity for moderate to high intensity exercise (≈50–85% VO2max lasting >45 min”

    From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [53]

  • Fat stores are abundant (>100,000 kcal for a 75 kg individual with 15% body fat) and may theoretically support many hours of exercise at the same intensity.

    “fat stores are abundant in the body (>100,000 kcal for a 75 kg individual with 15% body fat) and may theoretically support many hours of exercise at the same intensity [30,44,53].”

    From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [53]

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Authors
Casey, A., Mann, R., Banister, K., Fox, J., Morris, P. G., Macdonald, I. A., & Greenhaff, P. L.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2000-01-01
Volume
278
Issue
1
Pages
E65-E75
ISSN
  • 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1555
DOI
10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.1.e65
OpenAlex
W2149532640
Cited by
140
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
carbohydrate intake, glycogen resynthesis, liver glycogen, skeletal muscle glycogen, post-exercise recovery, glucose, sucrose, exercise capacity, 13C NMR, endurance exercise
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood, Carbon Isotopes, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Liver, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxidation-Reduction, Physical Endurance, Reference Values, Sucrose, Muscle, Skeletal

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