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The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction

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Simpson, Ian A., Dwyer, Donard, Malide, Daniela, Moley, Kelle H., Travis, Alexander, Vannucci, Susan J.·2008·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.90388.2008PMC PMC2519757
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Abstract

Glucose metabolism is vital to most mammalian cells, and the passage of glucose across cell membranes is facilitated by a family of integral membrane transporter proteins, the GLUTs. There are currently 14 members of the SLC2 family of GLUTs, several of which have been the focus of this series of reviews. The subject of the present review is GLUT3, which, as implied by its name, was the third glucose transporter to be cloned (Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI. J Biol Chem 263: 15245–15248, 1988) and was originally designated as the neuronal GLUT. The overriding question that drove the early work on GLUT3 was why would neurons need a separate glucose transporter isoform? What is it about GLUT3 that specifically suits the needs of the highly metabolic and oxidative neuron with its high glucose demand? More recently, GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with quite specific requirements for glucose, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells, and an array of carcinoma cell lines. The last are sufficiently varied and numerous to warrant a review of their own and will not be discussed here. However, for each of these cases, the same questions apply. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the properties and tissue and cellular localization of GLUT3 as well as the features of expression, function, and regulation that distinguish it from the rest of its family and make it uniquely suited as the mediator of glucose delivery to these specific cells.

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  • [18F]FDG uptake in tumors, inflammatory cells and brain tissue is mainly brought about by insulin-independent glucose transporters GLUT1 or GLUT3.

    “[18F]FDG uptake in tumors, inflammatory cells and brain tissue is mainly brought about by insulin-independent glucose transporters (GLUT) 1 or 3 [13,14,15,16,17,18,19].”

    From Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation (2022) · cites this paper as [19]

    The passage headed “Neuronal GLUT3 and Cerebral Glucose Utilization” (indexed as Abstract; page unavailable) says that GLUT1 and GLUT3 primarily mediate glucose delivery and utilization in the brain. The copy also reports GLUT3 in white blood cells and its detection in some carcinoma cell lines, but it does not establish that these transporters mainly account for [18F]FDG uptake across tumors and inflammatory cells. Its “GLUT3 in Human White Blood Cells” passage additionally reports insulin-induced GLUT3 translocation in some white cells, so the blanket insulin-independent characterization is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Simpson, I. A., Dwyer, D., Malide, D., Moley, K. H., Travis, A., & Vannucci, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Cornell University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2008-08
Volume
295
Issue
2
Pages
E242-E253
ISSN
  • 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1555
DOI
10.1152/ajpendo.90388.2008
PMC
PMC2519757
OpenAlex
W2109661060
Cited by
473
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 25
FWCI
1.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01hd040810-05)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK070351, DK070351, DK075130)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS041405, NS-041405)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR 00188)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD045664, HD 040810, R01HD045664)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
GLUT3, glucose transporters, neuronal glucose uptake, glucose metabolism
MeSH terms
Animals, Glucose, Humans, Models, Molecular, Neurons, Glucose Transporter Type 3

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