Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

Keenan, Daniel M.; Roelfsema, Ferdinand; Carroll, Bernard J.; Iranmanesh, Ali; Veldhuis, Johannes D.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2009

Cited by 41Adrenal Hormones and DisordersStress Responses and CortisolHormonal and reproductive studies

Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

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Keenan, Daniel M., Roelfsema, Ferdinand, Carroll, Bernard J., Iranmanesh, Ali, Veldhuis, Johannes D.·2009·American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2009PMC PMC2724232

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Abstract

Sex influences adrenal glucocorticoid responses to ACTH in experimental animals. Whether similar sex differences operate in humans is unknown. To test this notion, we estimated ACTH-cortisol dose-response properties analytically in 48 healthy adults (n = 22 women, n = 26 men), ages 18-77 yr, body mass index (BMI) 18-32 kg/m(2), previously studied at two medical centers. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured every 10 min for 24 h. The 145 sample pairs were used in each subject to estimate ACTH-cortisol drive via a logistic function. Statistical analyses revealed that 24-h cortisol secretion (>82% pulsatile) fell in men (r = -0.38, P = 0.028) and rose in women (r = +0.37, P = 0.045) with age (P = 0.01 sex effect). The mechanisms involved decreased ACTH efficacy with age in men (r = -0.35, P = 0.04), and increased ACTH efficacy with age in women (r = +0.42, P = 0.025) [P = 0.009 sex effect]. ACTH potency diminished with higher BMI in men (r = +0.38, P = 0.029) and in the cohort as a whole (r = 0.34, P = 0.0085). These outcomes demonstrate that sex, age, and BMI modulate selective properties of endogenous ACTH-cortisol drive in humans, thereby indicating the need to control these three major variables in experimental comparisons.

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An increase in the efficacy of ACTH as an HPA activator in women, and conversely a decrease in men, have been reported to occur from 30 to 60 years of age, coincident with the period of maximum FM incidence.
“In addition, an increase in the efficacy of ACTH as an HPA activator in women, and conversely a decrease in men, have been reported to occur from 30 to 60 years of age [143], coincident with the period of maximum FM incidence.”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [143]
The Results report that ACTH efficacy increased with age in women and decreased with age in men. The Methods give a study age range of 18–77 years, but the paper does not establish that the changes occurred specifically from ages 30 to 60. The coincidence with peak FM incidence is the citing authors’ framing, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Tripartite Control of Dynamic ACTH-Cortisol Dose Responsiveness by Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender in 111 Healthy Adults
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Authors: Keenan, D. M., Roelfsema, F., Carroll, B. J., Iranmanesh, A., & Veldhuis, J. D.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
Leiden University (NL)
ORCID: Roelfsema, Ferdinand
Carroll, Bernard J.
Iranmanesh, Ali
Veldhuis, Johannes D.
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 297
Issue: 2
Pages: R515-R523
ISSN: 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
1522-1490
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2009
PMC: PMC2724232
OpenAlex: W2116466711
Cited by: 41
References: 84
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (K01AG019164, R21AG029215)
National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH040159)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK073148)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000030)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords: sex differences, age dependence, cortisol secretion, body mass index, glucocorticoid secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, healthy adults
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Aged, Aging, Algorithms, Female, Half-Life, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Sex Characteristics, Body Mass Index, Linear Models

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Sex defines the age dependence of endogenous ACTH-cortisol dose responsiveness

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