Melatonin in mice: rhythms, response to light, adrenergic stimulation, and metabolism
Abstract
There has been relatively little research conducted on pineal melatonin production in laboratory mice, in part, due to the lack of appropriate assays. We studied the pineal and plasma rhythm, response to light, adrenergic stimulation, and metabolism of melatonin in CBA mice. With the use of a sensitive and specific melatonin RIA, melatonin was detected in the pineal glands at all times of the day >21 fmol/gland in CBA mice but not in C57Bl mice. Both plasma and pineal melatonin levels peaked 2 h before dawn in a 12:12-h light-dark photoperiod (162 ± 31 pM and 1,804 ± 514 fmol/gland, respectively). A brief light pulse (200 lx/15 min), 2 h before lights on, suppressed both plasma and pineal melatonin to near basal levels within 30 min. Exposure to light pulses 4 h after lights off or 2 h before lights on resulted in delays and advances, respectively, in the early morning decline of plasma and pineal melatonin on the next cycle. Administration of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (20 mg/kg) 2 and 4 h after lights on in the morning resulted in a fivefold increase in plasma and pineal melatonin 2.5 to 3 h after the first injection. In the mouse, unlike the rat, melatonin was shown to be metabolized almost exclusively to 6-glucuronylmelatonin rather than 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. These studies have shown that the appropriate methodological tools are now available for studying melatonin rhythms in mice.
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BALB/c mice have markedly attenuated melatonin production.
“In the present study, we used BALB/c mice that have markedly attenuated melatonin production26, 27 to eliminate any effects of circadian disruption resulting from dysregulated melatonin.”
From Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
Use of BALB/c mice minimizes the role of melatonin in all groups.
“In the present study, use of BALB/c mice minimizes the role of melatonin in all groups”
From Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
Circadian disruption can negatively affect development independently of alterations in melatonin.
“suggesting that circadian disruption can negatively affect development independently of alterations in this hormone26, 27.”
From Maternal and Early-Life Circadian Disruption Have Long-Lasting Negative Consequences on Offspring Development and Adult Behavior in Mice (2017) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Kennaway, D. J., Voultsios, A., Varcoe, T. J., & Moyer, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Adelaide University (AU)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2002-02-01
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- R358-R365
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2113772589
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- melatonin, pineal gland, circadian rhythm, light response, adrenergic stimulation, isoproterenol, beta-adrenergic agonists, melatonin metabolism, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, plasma melatonin, CBA mice, C57BL mice, photoperiod
- MeSH terms
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Isoproterenol, Lighting, Male, Melatonin, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred CBA, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pineal Gland, Radioimmunoassay, Species Specificity, Photoperiod, Mice
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