Light at night increases body mass by shifting the time of food intake
Open accessAbstract
The global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders coincides with the increase of exposure to light at night (LAN) and shift work. Circadian regulation of energy homeostasis is controlled by an endogenous biological clock that is synchronized by light information. To promote optimal adaptive functioning, the circadian clock prepares individuals for predictable events such as food availability and sleep, and disruption of clock function causes circadian and metabolic disturbances. To determine whether a causal relationship exists between nighttime light exposure and obesity, we examined the effects of LAN on body mass in male mice. Mice housed in either bright (LL) or dim (DM) LAN have significantly increased body mass and reduced glucose tolerance compared with mice in a standard (LD) light/dark cycle, despite equivalent levels of caloric intake and total daily activity output. Furthermore, the timing of food consumption by DM and LL mice differs from that in LD mice. Nocturnal rodents typically eat substantially more food at night; however, DM mice consume 55.5% of their food during the light phase, as compared with 36.5% in LD mice. Restricting food consumption to the active phase in DM mice prevents body mass gain. These results suggest that low levels of light at night disrupt the timing of food intake and other metabolic signals, leading to excess weight gain. These data are relevant to the coincidence between increasing use of light at night and obesity in humans.
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Light at night and the corresponding longer active compared to rest phase intervals have led to an increase in food intake and excessive weight gain, as shown in rodent studies.
“light at night and the corresponding longer active compared to rest phase intervals have led to an increase in food intake and therefore excessive weight gain, as shown in rodent studies (56).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
The paper reports weight gain in mice exposed to light at night, but its Energy intake results state that total 24-hour food consumption did not differ among groups. The Discussion attributes the gain to a shift in when mice ate, not to increased overall intake; it also reports similar total daily activity across groups, rather than establishing longer active intervals. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExposing mice to light (150 lux of continuous light or 16:8 150/5 lux cycle) during the habitual dark phase significantly increases body and fat mass and impairs glucose tolerance.
“Exposing mice to light (150 lux of continues light or 16:8 150/5 lux cycle) during the habitual dark phase significantly increases body and fat mass and impairs glucose tolerance (Fonken et al., 2010).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Fonken et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Fonken, L. K., Workman, J. L., Walton, J. C., Weil, Z. M., Morris, J. S., Haim, A., & Nelson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of Haifa (IL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-10-11
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 43
- Pages
- 18664-18669
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2972983
- OpenAlex
- W2049317326
- Cited by
- 796
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 15.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- light at night, circadian rhythm, meal timing, weight gain, obesity, glucose tolerance, circadian clock, metabolic disorders, shift work, light exposure, nocturnal feeding
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Disease Models, Animal, Eating, Feeding Behavior, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Photoperiod, Metabolic Syndrome, Mice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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