Effects of estrogen on thermoregulatory evaporation in rats exposed to heat
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of estrogen (E2) replacement on thermoregulation in ovariectomized rats exposed to heat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and splenectomized and implanted with a temperature-sensitive transmitter. Each rat was studied when E2 treated (after an E2 pellet implant) and untreated. Animals were divided into two groups with opposite order of treatment and were studied over a 9-wk period. Measurements of body core temperature (Tc) and evaporative water loss (EWL) were made on unrestrained animals resting at 38 degrees C air temperature. E2-treated animals increased EWL at all levels of Tc, reduced the threshold Tc for onset of saliva spreading, and regulated Tc at a lower level during heat exposure. E2 treatment elevated plasma E2 and reduced hematocrit but did not affect plasma osmolality. These effects of E2 on evaporative cooling and Tc in heat-stressed rats are similar to those that have been reported in human females. The mechanisms of the thermoregulatory effects of E2 remain to be studied.
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At supraneutral ambient temperatures, ovariectomized rats exhibit higher core temperatures compared to those receiving estrogen.
“At supraneutral ambient temperatures, ovariectomized rats exhibit higher core temperatures compared to those receiving estrogen (Fig. 8) (Baker et al., 1994; Dacks et al., 2011b; Dacks and Rance, 2010; Mittelman-Smith et al., 2012a).”
From Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes (2013) · cites this paper as Baker et al., 1994
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Rance, N. E., Dacks, P. A., Mittelman-Smith, M. A., Romanovsky, A. A., & Krajewski-Hall, S. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
“8) (Baker et al., 1994; Dacks et al., 2011b; Dacks and Rance, 2010; Mittelman-Smith et al., 2012a).”
Mittelman‐Smith, M. A., Williams, H., Krajewski, S. J., McMullen, N. T., & Rance, N. E. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211517109 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“Finally, at high ambient temperatures (TAMBIENT), OVX rats exhibit higher core temperatures (TCORE) relative to OVX rats treated with E2 (36, 39).”
BackgroundResultEsophageal temperature threshold for sweating decreases before ovulation in premenopausal women
Stephenson, L. A., Kolka, M. A., & Luca), (. T. T. A. O. J. D. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.22 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“(1) reported greater evaporative water loss during heat exposure when E2 was implanted after ovariectomy than when there was no hormonal supplementation.”
Brooks, E. M., Morgan, A. L., Pierzga, J. M., Wladkowski, S. L., O’Gorman, J. T., Derr, J. A., & Kenney, W. L. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.477 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Based on previous studies (1, 33), these observations are likely caused by a central alteration in the regulated level of Tc.”
ResultEstrogen attenuates postexercise HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle
Paroo, Z., Dipchand, E. S., & Noble, E. G. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00336.2001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Effects of Estrogens on Neural Circuits That Control Temperature
Zhang, Z., DiVittorio, J. R., Joseph, A., & Correa, S. M. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab087 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“E2 replacement does not seem to change evaporative heat loss in ovariectomized rats (74) but does alter the threshold of evaporative heat defense, increasing evaporative water loss during heat stress at a lower core temperature compared to untreated ovariectomized rats (75).”
BackgroundThermoregulation during exercise in women who are taking oral contraceptives
Rogers, S. M., & Baker, M. A. (1996) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050123 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Estrogen adminstration leads to expanded plasma volume in humans and other mammals (Fortney et al. 1988; Tankersley et al. 1992; Baker et al. 1994).”
BackgroundSelf-citationElevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes
Kobayashi, T., Tamura, M., Hayashi, M., Katsuura, Y., Tanabe, H., Ohta, T., & Komoriya, K. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r863 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“First, although the elevation of the TST in OVX rats indicates the augmentation of vasodilatory heat dissipation, total heat dissipation in OVX rats is reported to be reduced compared with that in Sham rats (2).”
Effects of Estradiol on the Thermoneutral Zone and Core Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats
Dacks, P. A., & Rance, N. E. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-1112 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“However, it has previously been shown that evapo-rative cooling is increased by estradiol-17 (cid:1) in rats exposed to ambient temperatures of 38 C (29).”
BackgroundYang, Y., & Gordon, C. J. (1996) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(96)00021-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mittelman‐Smith, M. A., Krajewski, S. J., McMullen, N. T., & Rance, N. E. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1974 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Brooks-Asplund, E. M., Cannon, J. G., & Kenney, W. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r839 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hosono, T., Chen, X.-M., Miyatsuji, A., Yoda, T., Yoshida, K., Yanase-Fujiwara, M., & Kanosue, K. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.5.r1341 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Although the peripheral estrogen level in the replaced estrogen rats was slightly higher than the estrogen levels of intact female rats (2), estrogen levels even higher than the level of the replaced estrogen rats were regarded as “physiological” in previous studies (11, 23).”
BackgroundGordon, C. J., & Yang, Y. (1997) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(96)00035-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of estrogen supplementation on exercise thermoregulation in premenopausal women
Chang, R.-T., Lambert, G. P., Moseley, P. L., Chapler, F. K., & GISOLFI, C. V. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2082 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Similarly, rats treated with estrogen regulate their core temperature at a lower level during heat exposure and show an increased evaporative water loss at all levels of core temperature and a reduced core temperature threshold for the onset of saliva spreading (1).”
BackgroundEstrogen in the medial preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus modulates cold responses in female rats
Uchida, Y., Tokizawa, K., Nakamura, M., Mori, H., & Nagashima, K. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.021 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The effects of exercise intensity on thermoregulatory responses to exercise in women
Fukuoka, Y., Kaneko, Y., Takita, C., Hirakawa, M., Kagawa, H., & Nakamura, Y. (2002) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00781-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dacks, P. A., Krajewski, S. J., & Rance, N. E. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1230 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Weinert, D., Waterhouse, J. M., & Nevill, A. M. (2004) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291010412331335724 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“This hormone facilitates heat loss (Baker et al., 1994; Laudenslager et al., 1982; Stephenson & Kolka, 1999) and this might be the reason for the lower sensitivity of body temperature to motor activity changes observed by us.”
BackgroundSex difference in the heat shock response to high external load resistance training in older humans
Njemini, R., Forti, L. N., Mets, T. F., Roie, E. V., Coudyzer, W., Beyer, I., Delecluse, C., & Bautmans, I. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.04.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Also, estrogen may influence Hsp70 expression in response to exercise via its temperature-regulating properties (Baker et al., 1994) or by inhibiting the cyclic AMP-mediated pathway, which is known to be an important regulator of exercise-induced Hsp70 expression (Li et al., 2000).”
de Queiroz, J. P. A. F., de Souza, J. B. F., Oliveira, V. R. D. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102525 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Matthew, C. B., Sils, I. V., & Tartarini, K. A. (1999) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(99)00007-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Marui, S., Masuda, Y., Kato, I., & Nagashima, K. (2020) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1186/s12576-020-00782-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“[1] demonstrated that, in the extreme heat of 38 °C, the increase in body temperature was greater in ovariectomized (OVX) rats than in OVX rats with E2 replacement (OVX + E2).”
BackgroundEstrus related differences in response to a hot environment in telemetry-equipped female rats
Sils, I. V., Matthew, C. B., & Bastille, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00020-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brooks, E. M., Morgan, A. L., Pierzga, J. M., Wladkowski, S. L., O'Gorman, J. T., & Kenney, W. L. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199705001-01079 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aou, S., Li, X.-L., Kubo, K., Oomura, Y., & Hori, T. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-67035-3_6
Onus, K., Cannon, J., & Marino, F. E. (2022) · South African Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a11757
“with increased evaporated water loss at all levels of Tc, and with a decreased Tc threshold at the onset of saliva spreading.[8]”
Background
- Authors
- Baker, M. A., Dawson, D. D., Peters, C. E., & Walker, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1994-09-01
- Volume
- 267
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R673-R677
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- OpenAlex
- W2232110667
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- estrogen, thermoregulation, evaporative water loss, heat stress, core body temperature, ovariectomy, estrogen replacement therapy, hematocrit, plasma osmolality, female rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Estradiol, Female, Hot Temperature, Ovariectomy, Water Loss, Insensible, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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