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Skeletal muscle adaptations during early phase of heavy-resistance training in men and women.
Abstract
An 8-wk progressive resistance training program for the lower extremity was performed twice a week to investigate the time course for skeletal muscle adaptations in men and women. Maximal dynamic strength was tested biweekly. Muscle biopsies were extracted at the beginning and every 2 wk of the study from resistance-trained and from nontrained (control) subjects. The muscle samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain content. In addition, fasting blood samples were measured for resting serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone. With the exception of the leg press for women (after 2 wk of training) and leg extension for men (after 6 wk of training), absolute and relative maximal dynamic strength was significantly increased after 4 wk of training for all three exercises (squat, leg press, and leg extension) in both sexes. Resistance training also caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIb fibers after 2 wk in women and 4 wk in men, an increase in the resting levels of serum testosterone after 4 wk in men, and a decrease in cortisol after 6 wk in men. No significant changes occurred over time for any of the other measured parameters for either sex. These data suggest that skeletal muscle adaptations that may contribute to strength gains of the lower extremity are similar for men and women during the early phase of resistance training and, with the exception of changes in the fast fiber type composition, that they occur gradually.
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“Therefore, reduction in the motor unit firing rate following resistance training could be explained by matching the motor unit firing rate with muscle contractile properties, such as a decrease in the proportion of type IIB fibers and increase in that of type IIA fibers following resistance training (Staron et al., 1990; Staron et al., 1994).”
From Effect of resistance training and fish protein intake on motor unit firing pattern and motor function of elderly (2018) · cites this paper as Staron et al., 1994
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Metadata
- Authors
- Staron, R. S., Karapondo, D. L., Kraemer, W. J., Fry, A. C., Gordon, S. E., Falkel, J. E., Hagerman, F. C., & Hikida, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Ohio University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1994-03-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1247-1255
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1923391821
- Cited by
- 796
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resistance training, skeletal muscle adaptation, sex differences, lower extremity, muscle fiber composition, type IIb muscle fibers, myosin heavy chain, cross-sectional area, testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, muscle hypertrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Adult, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Leg, Male, Muscles, Physical Education and Training, Sex Characteristics, Growth Hormone, Testosterone, Weight Lifting, Myosin Subfragments
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