Cited by 539Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesOvarian function and disordersRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women

Loucks, A. B., Verdun, M., Heath, E. M., (With the Technical Assistance of T. Law, Sr. and J. R. Thuma)·1998·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.37

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We tested two hypotheses about the disruption of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility in exercising women by assaying LH in blood samples drawn at 10-min intervals over 24 h from nine young, habitually sedentary, regularly menstruating women on days 8, 9, or 10 of two menstrual cycles after 4 days of intense exercise [E = 30 kcal.kg lean body mass (LBM)-1.day-1 at 70% of aerobic capacity]. To test the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by low energy availability, we controlled the subjects' dietary energy intakes (I) to set their energy availabilities (A = I - E) at 45 and 10 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1 during the two trials. To test the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by the stress of exercise, we compared the resulting LH pulsatilities to those previously reported in women with similar controlled energy availability who had not exercised. In the exercising women, low energy availability reduced LH pulse frequency by 10% (P 0.4). During exercise, the proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate oxidation was reduced from 73% while A = 45 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1 to 49% while A = 10 kcal.kg LBM-1.day-1 (P < 0.0001). These results contradict the hypothesis that LH pulsatility is disrupted by exercise stress and suggest that LH pulsatility in women depends on energy availability.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.37

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Metabolic fuels and reproduction in female mammals
Wade, G. N., & Schneider, J. E. (1992) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80183-6 · Cited by 686
Dietary restriction reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency during waking hours and increases LH pulse amplitude during sleep in young menstruating women
Loucks, A. B. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.78.4.910 · Cited by 174
Self-citation
Effect of low blood glucose on plasma CRF, ACTH, and cortisol during prolonged physical exercise
Tabata, I., Ogita, F., Miyachi, M., & Shibayama, H. (1991) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1807 · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“It is particularly noteworthy, therefore, that carbohydrate administration during prolonged exercise prevents the usual exerciseinduced rise in cortisol levels in both rats (26) and men (27).”
Background

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 27

10.1210/jcem-68-2-301 · DOI · Paper page
10.1095/biolreprod44.6.945 · DOI
10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.194 · DOI
10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · DOI · Paper page
Counts D. R., 1992, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 75, 762
Judd S. J., 1995, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 80, 818
10.1210/jcem-42-6-1031 · DOI
10.1210/endo.132.5.8477640 · DOI
10.1210/jcem-64-4-755 · DOI
Laughlin G. A., 1996, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, 4301
Loucks A. B., 1993, Am. J. Physiol., 264, R924
Loucks A. B., 1994, Am. J. Physiol., 266, R817
Loucks A. B., 1994, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 78, 910
10.1249/00005768-198502000-00010 · DOI
Loucks A. B., 1992, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 75, 514
10.1210/jcem-68-2-402 · DOI
10.1097/00000441-199303000-00001 · DOI
Olson B. R., 1995, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 80, 1187
10.1095/biolreprod45.4.523 · DOI · Paper page
10.1016/0026-0495(91)90231-K · DOI
10.1210/endo-25-4-615 · DOI
10.2165/00007256-198704010-00004 · DOI
10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.989 · DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb03347.x · DOI
10.1152/jappl.1972.32.5.712 · DOI
Wade G. N., 1996, Am. J. Physiol., 270, E1
10.1249/00005768-199510000-00007 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 401–478 of 478

Female Athlete Triad Syndrome: Prevention
Muradas, K., Costa, L., Seijas, R., Álvarez-Díaz, P., Ares, Ó., Sallent, A., & Cugat, R. (2015) · doi:10.6051/ijo.v2i1.1052 · Cited by 1
Spermatogenesis Process Following Chronic Swimming and Standing in Cold, Warm and Lukewarm Water
Mohammadghasemi, F., Hassanzadeh, R., & Hassankhani, A. (2014) · doi:10.17795/gct-24661 · Cited by 1
“Abnormality in the reproductive system following exercise can be due to disruption of the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) probably due to the stress of exercise and sustained low energy availability (6).”
Background
Energy Availability, Health, and Performance in the Female Athlete
Beals, K. (2013) · doi:10.1201/b13743-10 · Cited by 1
The effects of four weeks training on leptin levels in junior female judokas.
Ocak, Y. (2011) · African Journal of Microbiology Research · doi:10.5897/ajmr11.556 · Cited by 1
Introduction to Sports Nutrition
Braun, B., & Miller, B. F. (2007) · Nutrition in exercise and sport · doi:10.1201/9780849379512.ch1 · Cited by 2
Puberté et sports de compétition chez l’adolescente
Klentrou, P. (2006) · Annales Nestlé (Ed française) · doi:10.1159/000095891 · Cited by 1
Pubertad y deportes atléticos en adolescentes femeninas
Klentrou, P. (2006) · Annales Nestlé (Ed española) · doi:10.1159/000094911 · Cited by 1
The female athlete triad revisited.
DiPietro, L., Stachenfeld, N., & Pierce, J. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000177567.63344.0b · Cited by 1
The Female Athlete Triad Revisited: Response
Torstveit, M. K., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2005) · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000177571.52827.1b · Cited by 1
Effects of estrogen replacement on metabolic factors that influence physical performance in female hypogonadism
Kohrt, W., Pelt, R. V. V., & Gozansky, W. S. (2003) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345242 · Cited by 1
The Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports
Sutton, K., Cheney, S., Fierro, E. A., & Casey, E. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-75985-4.00030-1 · Cited by 1
Sex Hormone Disturbances in Athletes: Implications for Voice
Hamdan, A., Sataloff, R. T., & Hawkshaw, M. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69831-7_10 · Cited by 1
Special Topics on Overtraining Syndrome (OTS)/Paradoxical Deconditioning Syndrome (PDS)
Cadegiani, F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52628-3_10 · Cited by 1
Bone Health, Bone Mineral Density, and Sports Performance
Schtscherbyna, A., Ribeiro, B. G., & Fleiuss, F. M. L. (2019) · Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00006-0 · Cited by 1
Physiopathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Functional Pituitary Dysfunction
Miljić, D., Pekić, S., Stojanovic, M., & POPOVIC, V. M. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38681-2_6-1
Risk Biotypes and the Female Athlete Triad
Ackerman, K. E., Eguiguren, M. D. L., & Barrack, M. T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3402-7_13
Impact of Combined Oral Contraceptive Use on Exercise and Health in Female Athletes
Allaway, H., Mallinson, R. J., & Souza, M. D. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3402-7_17 · Cited by 1
Resting Energy Expenditure in Japanese Athletes-as Applied to Dietary Management for Athletes-
Taguchi, M., & Oshima, S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55315-1_11 · Cited by 1
“Such conditions may leads to an anemia, low bone mineral density, eating disorders, or menstrual disorders (Loucks et al. 1998; Nattiv et al. 2007).”
Background
Nutritional, Physical, and Psychological Stress and Functional Amenorrhea
Norman, R., & Inigo, M. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8884-2_6 · Cited by 1
Exercise and the Reproductive System in Women
Loucks, A. (2011) · Endocrine updates · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7014-5_5 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Chapter 8 – The exercising female
Birch, K., & Esformes, J. I. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10343-8.00008-1 · Cited by 1
Hormonal Regulations of the Effects of Exercise on Bone
Chilibeck, P. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-016-2_14 · Cited by 1
The impact of professional sports on menstrual function
Bezuglov, E., Lazarev, A. M., Khaitin, V., Barskova, E. M., & Koloda, Y. (2020) · Problemy reproduktsii · doi:10.17116/repro20202604137
Cardiovascular Effects Associated with the Female Athlete Triad: Emerging Evidence Statement from the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition
O’Donnell, E., Williams, N. I., Misra, M., Nattiv, A., Joy, E. A., & Souza, M. J. D. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02525-1
Variable Energy Availability Exposure and Heterogeneous Physiological Responses to a Prescribed Low Energy Availability Intervention in Free-Living Male Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Case-Series
Forchino, F., Brade, C. J., Kerr, D. A., & Chapman, D. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14100446
“Thresholds below 30 kcal (125 kJ) · kg FFM − 1 · day − 1 are proposed as potentially detrimental; however, these thresholds originated primarily from tightly controlled laboratory studies in small samples of non-athletic women, limiting their generalisability to athletic populations [4–6].”
Endocrine, Skeletal, and Circadian Biomarker Profiles Across Operational Phases in Elite Special Forces Operators.
Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., Stephenson, M., Szivak, T., Saenz, C., Buga, A., Lee, E. C., Ratamess, N., Post, E. M., Caldwell, L. K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005679
The effects of physical activity on female fertility: a narrative review
Soares, M., Moniz, I., Costa, F., Ferreira, A. F., Branco, A. F., Almeida‐Santos, T., Ramalho‐Santos, J., & Sousa, A. P. (2026) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-026-03924-z
Low Carbohydrate Availability in Energy Balance Alters Bone Turnover and Muscle Proteomic Response With Limited Endocrine Disruption
Mosquera-Lopez, E., Taylor, H. L., Nishimura, Y., Langan-Evans, C., Shepherd, S., Strauss, J. A., Morton, J. P., Burniston, J. G., & Areta, J. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202602531r
Preferences of Female Triathletes and Their Coaches for Education on REDs: A Qualitative Study
Slater, P., Etxebarria, N., Minehan, M., & Fearon, A. M. (2026) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.70240
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and Body Composition
Godley, M., Fink, D., Saupe, T., Edelmers, E., Pļaviņa, L., & Pilmane, M. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14080314
“As established in Sections 2.1 and 3.1, low EA leads the body to downregulate processes that are not essential to immediate survival, including reproduction and growth pathways, with luteinising hormone pulsatility suppressed below approximately 30 kcal · kg FFM − 1 · day − 1 [25,26].”
Influential
Translation, cultural adaptation, and evidence of content and face validity of a questionnaire to assess REDs knowledge in Brazil: a cross-cultural validation study
de Maria, U. P., & Juzwiak, C. (2026) · Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2025.3135.08042026
Metabolic Changes and Predictors of Menstrual Recovery Following a Diet Intervention in Exercising Females with Oligo/Amenorrhea: The REFUEL Study
Williams, N., Koltun, K. J., Mallinson, R. J., Ricker, E. A., Reed, J., Salamunes, A., Don, P. K., & Souza, M. D. D. (2026) · Clinical & Translational Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s12018-026-09331-3
Menstrual Dysfunction, Eating Behaviors, and Injury Prevalence in Collegiate Dancers.
Gonzales, A. S., & Galdamez, I. (2026) · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science · doi:10.1177/1089313x261443134
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry per cent fat Z-score as a predictor of menstrual status in adolescent and young adult female athletes
Keating, M. L., Saville, G. H., McCall, L. M., Sainani, K. L., & Ackerman, K. E. (2026) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2025-110243
Adolescence et RED-S : période à risque ?
Dondonne, A., Bellemans, J., Johnen, A.-S., & Kaux, J. (2026) · Journal de Traumatologie du Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jts.2025.12.003
Self-Reported Physical Activity Energy Expenditure in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis at Hospital Admission From the Study of Refeeding to Optimize iNpatient Gains.
Vendlinski, S. S., Gorrell, S., Downey, A. E., Mehta, A. S., Grange, D. L., Machen, V. I., Accurso, E. C., Buckelew, S. M., Kapphahn, C., Moscicki, B. A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24569
Relationship between Energy Availability and Phenotype in Free-Living Athletes
Rueda-Córdoba, M., Martín-Olmedo, J. J., Espinar, S., Ruiz, J. R., & Jurado-Fasoli, L. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-2884-0122
Leistungssport und Zyklusgesundheit – Einsatz von hormonellen Kontrazeptiva
Kirschbaum, E. M., Fischer, K., Goeckenjan, M., & Schemm, S. (2025) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-025-00654-w
A high cholesterol diet increases serum estradiol in female rats with lower energy availability following a treadmill training program
Clark, L. R., Dellogono, M., & Wilson, T. A. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01425-7
“Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction (EAMD) is a phenomenon characterized by subtle or severe menstrual disturbances in physically active females [1–3].”
Menstrual cycle patterns and their relationship with measures of well-being and perceived performance metrics in competitive and recreational resistance-trained athletes
SantaBarbara, K., Helms, E. R., STEWART, T. I., Armour, M., & HARRIS, N. K. (2024) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15752-0 · Cited by 1
The Concept and Physiological Consequences of Energy Deficiency in Sports Nutrition
Taguchi, M., & Moto, K. (2024) · The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.82.3 · Cited by 1
Female athlete triad affects rat intestinal morphology and sucrase-isomaltase expression
Aoki, K., Ebina, K., Shingu, H., Kioka, K., Sugasawa, T., Kawakami, Y., Takekoshi, K., & Omi, N. (2022) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114522003063
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Female players
Zahra, S. M., & Ahmed, B. (2021) · THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) · doi:10.54393/tt.v2i2.31
“Mental issues like gloom, tension, bipolar turmoil, and voraciously consuming food issue are likewise noted to be among the drawn out difficulties found in people with PCOS [25].”
Background
Nutrition Strategies for Triathlon
Burke, L. M., & Cox, G. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22357-1_17 · Cited by 2
Positive selection of type 2 diabetes genotypes – the glycaemic threshold hypothesis
Wise, P. H. (2019) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.014 · Cited by 2
“Negative energy balance due to under-nutrition and/or overexercise affects reproduction in both sexes largely by impairing hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generation [28].”
Background
FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD - PROBABLE BUT DIFFICULT TO CONFIRM IN FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Doyle-Baker, P., McLean, L., & Fung, T. S. (2018) · doi:10.35469/ak.2017.153
“Specifically, reproductive function has been linked to general availability of metabolic fuels (Loucks & Callister, 1993; Loucks & Heath, 1994; Loucks, Verdun, & Heath, 1998; Wade & Schneider, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluential
Physiques that perform: The interaction between body composition management, performance and calcium homeostasis in female cyclists
Haakonssen, E. C. (2014) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2014.494
“Changes in the NTX (attenuated bone resorption) were observed when EA restriction was quite extreme (10 kcal/kg/FFM/d).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Menstrual Function and Dysfunction in the Female Athlete
Loucks, A. (2013) · doi:10.1201/b13743-11
Self-citation
Sports Nutrition
Burke, L. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch43 · Cited by 1
Energy availability in female athletes and non-athletes taking oral contraceptive pills
Drager, K. (2012) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r38h28
Energy Demands: Sedentary versus Active Individuals
Kresta, J. Y. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11808-4
Consommation chronique d'alcool, exercice physique et tissu osseux : modifications densitométriques, architecturales, biomécaniques et métaboliques chez le rat
Maurel, D. B. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/cc0a4863z5708z4d21za652z3b8864223b5d
“Cela pourrait être également dû à une plus faible sécrétion de FSH. Ces modifications de la fonction ovarienne sont en rapport avec le métabolisme énergétique, et notamment aux adaptations neuroendocrines d’une prise alimentaire insuffisante (Loucks et al. 1998).”
Background
Nutrition Needs for Special Populations with Eating Disorders
Rushing, S. (2011) · doi:10.1201/b11381-24
Efeitos do treinamento físico intenso e da restrição alimentar sobre a ação da leptina mediada pelo hormônio concentrador de melanina no eixo reprodutor de ratas.
da Silva, R. J. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.42.2011.tde-09022012-121522
Eating Disorders in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Population
Eggebroten, J. L., & Roth, L. (2011) · Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.pgo.0000405588.69669.10
Exercise Therapy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hoeger, K. (2008) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-992929
A Comparison of Body Composition between Eumenorrheic and Amenorrheic Adolescent Cross-Country Runners
Bonis, M. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000274588.89098.95
“Loucks, Verdun, and Heath (1998) investigated two proposed leutinizing hormone reaction theories, a calorie-balanced low energy state and a calorie-restricted low energy state.”
Background
Pubertät und Leistungssport bei jugendlichen Mädchen
Klentrou, P. (2007) · Annales Nestlé (Deutsche Ausg.) · doi:10.1159/000100529
The consequences of negative energy balance in anorexia syndrome.
Håglin, L. (2005) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2005.06.003
Disordered Eating in Japanese and Chinese Female Runners, Rhythmic Gymnasts and Gymnasts
Okano, G., Holmes, R., Mu, Z., Yang, P., Lin, Z., & Nakai, Y. (2004) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2004-821058
Leptina ricombinante umana in donne con amenorrea ipotalamica
Welt, C., Chan, J. L., Bullen, J., Murphy, R., Smith, P., DePaoli, A., Karalis, A., Mantorzoros, C. S., Fierabracci, P., Pucci, A., et al. (2004) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/bf03344501
Symbol.“Disordered Eating” and Bone Quality in Female Athletes: Still a Mystery
Nelson, C. (2003) · doi:10.1097/01300517-200307000-00001
The Female Athlete Triad/Male Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Carlson, J. (2021) · Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00031-5
Hormonal Regulation of the Positive and Negative Effects of Exercise on Bone
Duff, W., & Chilibeck, P. (2020) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_14
Female Athletes
Athletes, F. (2019) · Preparticipation Physical Evaluation, 5th Ed. · doi:10.1542/9781610023023-ch7
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Diseases
Casanueva, F., & Ghigo, E. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44444-4
The Influence of Social Environment on Morbidity, Mortality, and Reproductive Success in Free-Ranging Cercopithecine Primates
Silverstein‐Metzler, M. G. (2016) · Developments in primatology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30872-2_5
“Dominant status, by conferring priority of access to highly nutritive food items, should equate to increased energy availability which is known to modulate HPG function, thereby improving fertility (Loucks et al. 1998).”
Background
The Female Athlete Triad and Abnormal Pubertal Development
Monge, M. C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27225-2_9
“Disruption of menstrual function in exercising females is not due to the direct effects of the exercise [ 29 ] but instead is a “functional” M.”
Background
Hormones and Athletic Performance
Lanfranco, F., Ghigo, E., & Strasburger, C. J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00026-5 · Cited by 3
Nutritional Deficiencies and Impairment of Fertility in Athletes
Fernández, J. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3402-7_19
“This would explain the reversal of the reproductive alterations that occurs after an adequate nutritional intake is restored in both humans and trained animals [22, 23].”
Background
The Menstrual Cycle
Carlson, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7525-6_3
Nutritional Guidelines and Energy Needs for the Female Athlete: Preventing Low Energy Availability and Functional Amenorrhea Through Diet
Robert-McComb, J., & Gonzalez, A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8884-2_29
“LH pulsatility can be suppressed by a combination of strenuous exercise and caloric restriction [ 1 ].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Female Athlete Triad
Matzkin, E., & Paci, G. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4712-1_1
La consultation de la femme sportive
Adam, T. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0172-8_6
Nutrition, Hydration, Metabolism, and Thinness
Glace, B. (2008) · Orthopaedic Section, APTA, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.17832/isc.2008.18.3.2
Psychological Stress and Functional Amenorrhea
Norman, R. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-534-3_11
Nutritional Guidelines and Energy Needs for the Female Athlete
Robert-McComb, J. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-534-3_26
The menstrual cycle, ovulatory, and hormonal effects of an 8-week abruptly increasing running program in recreationally active women
Tingley, S. P. (2005) · doi:10.14288/1.0077037
“However, the time course appears to proceed from decreases in pre-menstrual symptoms, FSH, and LH pulse frequency, as well as an increase in LH pulse amplitude, to inadequate amounts of progesterone secretion, shortened luteal phase length with an increase in follicular phase length, loss of LH surge or anovulation, a…”
BackgroundResultInfluential

Authors: Loucks, A. B., Verdun, M., Heath, E. M., & (With the Technical Assistance of T. Law, S. A. J. R. T.
Affiliations: Ohio University (US)
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1998-01-01
Volume: 84
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-46
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.37
OpenAlex: W2136430560
Cited by: 539
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 12.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r55hd029547-01)
National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00034, M01RR000034)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R55-HD-29547-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: luteinizing hormone, LH pulsatility, energy availability, exercise stress, high-intensity exercise, menstrual cycle, LH pulse frequency, LH pulse amplitude, carbohydrate oxidation, caloric restriction, women
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Energy Metabolism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Growth Hormone, Stress, Physiological, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks