Brain activity at rest: a multiscale hierarchical functional organization
Abstract
Spontaneous brain activity was mapped with functional MRI (fMRI) in a sample of 180 subjects while in a conscious resting-state condition. With the use of independent component analysis (ICA) of each individual fMRI signal and classification of the ICA-defined components across subjects, a set of 23 resting-state networks (RNs) was identified. Functional connectivity between each pair of RNs was assessed using temporal correlation analyses in the 0.01- to 0.1-Hz frequency band, and the corresponding set of correlation coefficients was used to obtain a hierarchical clustering of the 23 RNs. At the highest hierarchical level, we found two anticorrelated systems in charge of intrinsic and extrinsic processing, respectively. At a lower level, the intrinsic system appears to be partitioned in three modules that subserve generation of spontaneous thoughts (M1a; default mode), inner maintenance and manipulation of information (M1b), and cognitive control and switching activity (M1c), respectively. The extrinsic system was found to be made of two distinct modules: one including primary somatosensory and auditory areas and the dorsal attentional network (M2a) and the other encompassing the visual areas (M2b). Functional connectivity analyses revealed that M1b played a central role in the functioning of the intrinsic system, whereas M1c seems to mediate exchange of information between the intrinsic and extrinsic systems.
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Resting-state networks are highly reproducible in the adult brain.
“RSNs have proven to be highly reproducible in the adult brain (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Doucet et al., 2011
Adult task-positive cognition involves three large distributed modules: dorsal attention, cingulo-opercular salience, and frontoparietal executive.
“3) three large, distributed modules for task-positive cognition: a) dorsal attention, involved in eye movements and attentional orienting, b) the cingulo-opercular salience module, involved primarily in attentional maintenance, and c) the frontoparietal executive module, important for task-switching.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Doucet et al., 2011
Adult modular organization includes separate sensory/motor systems and the default-mode network.
“These modules include 1) segregated, non-distributed modules for sensory/motor activity, such as in early visual cortex and in somatomotor cortex, 2) the default-mode network (DMN), comprising the medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate/precuneus, angular gyrus, and medial temporal cortex”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Doucet et al., 2011
Adult brains show several coarse modules that remain highly consistent across studies despite small methodological variations.
“The adult brain has several modules at the coarsest level that are remarkably reproducible despite slight methodological differences across studies (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Doucet et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Doucet, G., Naveau, M., Petit, L., Delcroix, N., Zago, L., Crivello, F., Jobard, G., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Mazoyer, B., Mellet, E., & Joliot, M.
- Affiliations
- Univ. de Bordeaux,
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Cyceron (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Joliot, Marc
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2753-2763
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2128618971
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 12.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- resting-state networks, spontaneous brain activity, functional connectivity, hierarchical clustering, default mode network, cognitive control, dorsal attention network, visual areas, independent component analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Rest, Statistics as Topic, Principal Component Analysis, Young Adult
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