Default network activity, coupled with the frontoparietal control network, supports goal-directed cognition
Open accessAbstract
Tasks that demand externalized attention reliably suppress default network activity while activating the dorsal attention network. These networks have an intrinsic competitive relationship; activation of one suppresses activity of the other. Consequently, many assume that default network activity is suppressed during goal-directed cognition. We challenge this assumption in an fMRI study of planning. Recent studies link default network activity with internally focused cognition, such as imagining personal future events, suggesting a role in autobiographical planning. However, it is unclear how goal-directed cognition with an internal focus is mediated by these opposing networks. A third anatomically interposed 'frontoparietal control network' might mediate planning across domains, flexibly coupling with either the default or dorsal attention network in support of internally versus externally focused goal-directed cognition, respectively. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing brain activity during autobiographical versus visuospatial planning. Autobiographical planning engaged the default network, whereas visuospatial planning engaged the dorsal attention network, consistent with the anti-correlated domains of internalized and externalized cognition. Critically, both planning tasks engaged the frontoparietal control network. Task-related activation of these three networks was anatomically consistent with independently defined resting-state functional connectivity MRI maps. Task-related functional connectivity analyses demonstrate that the default network can be involved in goal-directed cognition when its activity is coupled with the frontoparietal control network. Additionally, the frontoparietal control network may flexibly couple with the default and dorsal attention networks according to task domain, serving as a cortical mediator linking the two networks in support of goal-directed cognitive processes.
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The default and control networks cooperate during autobiographical future planning, which involves constructing a detailed and sequential mental representation of a future goal state.
“For example, the default and control networks show cooperation during autobiographical future planning—constructing a detailed and sequential mental representation about a future goal state [10, 19, 24].”
From Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCreative thought involves similar cognitive and neural mechanisms as other forms of goal-directed, self-generated cognition, such as autobiographical future planning.
“We propose that creative thought involves similar cognitive and neural mechanisms as other forms of goal-directed, self-generated cognition (e.g., autobiographical future planning; [10, 19, 24]).”
From Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
The control network may modify and direct self-generated thoughts to meet the demands of task-specific goals.
“In this context, the control network may modify and direct self-generated thoughts to meet the demands of task-specific goals [10–11, 20].”
From Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
The frontoparietal control network and salience network may mediate internally and externally directed cognition by maintaining a dynamic balance between the default and attention networks.
“The FPCN (as well as the salience network; Box 3) may in turn, mediate internally and externally directed cognition by maintaining a dynamic balance between the default and attention networks.15,155,160,162,163”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [162]
The frontoparietal control network regulates self-generated mnemonic, social, and emotional information by changing its functional connectivity with the dorsal attention network or the default network.
“However, the FPCN has also been shown to play an important role in regulating self-generated mnemonic, social, and emotional information, and does so by varying its functional connectivity with the DAN or the DN, respectively.”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [162]
The frontoparietal control network is anatomically positioned between the default and dorsal attention networks and may modulate their activation and suppression according to goal states.
“Although spatially distinct, the FPCN is anatomically interposed between the default and dorsal attention networks,51,160,162 suggesting it may play an important modulatory role in the activation and suppression of these other networks based on switching goal states.”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [162]
In Spreng and colleagues' study, visuospatial planning engaged the dorsal attention network, autobiographical planning engaged the default network, and both engaged the frontoparietal control network; the control network coupled with the default network during autobiographical planning and with the dorsal attention network during visuospatial planning.
“Visuospatial planning engaged the DAN, whereas autobiographical planning engaged the DN. Both engaged the FPCN and, critically, task-related functional connectivity analyses indicated that this network was coupled with the DN during autobiographical planning and with the dorsal attention network during visuospatial planning.”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [162]
These findings fit the notion that brain networks functionally couple and uncouple according to task demands, and studies report DMN-frontoparietal control network connectivity increases as flexible or creative thinking is needed.
“Such findings fit with the notion that brain networks functionally couple and uncouple as required by task demands, and a number of studies report connectivity between DMN and frontoparietal control network as the need for flexible or creative thinking increases (e.g., Beaty, Benedek, Barry Kaufman, & Silvia, 2015;Roberts & Addis, 2018;Spreng, Stevens, Chamberlain, Gilmore, & Schacter, 2010).”
From Mental Time Travel? A Neurocognitive Model of Event Simulation. (2020) · cites this paper as Spreng, Stevens, Chamberlain, Gilmore, & Schacter, 2010
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- Authors
- Spreng, R. N., Stevens, W. D., Chamberlain, J. P., Gilmore, A. W., & Schacter, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spreng, R. Nathan
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 303-317
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2914129
- OpenAlex
- W1998268694
- Cited by
- 1,256
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 27.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (MH060941)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- default mode network, dorsal attention network, frontoparietal network, goal-directed cognition, planning, resting-state functional connectivity, network coupling
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cognition, Decision Making, Female, Frontal Lobe, Goals, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Parietal Lobe, Feedback, Physiological, Young Adult
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