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Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility
Open accessAbstract
Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence. Hyperfibrinolysis associated with plasmin leads to elevated D-dimer in severe patients. The plasmin(ogen) system may prove a promising therapeutic target for combating COVID-19.
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Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19
Azkur, A. K., Akdis, M., Azkur, D., Sokolowska, M., van de Veen, W., Brüggen, M., O’Mahony, L., Gao, Y., Nadeau, K., & Akdis, C. A. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14364 · Cited by 1,119
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Obesity and diabetes as high‐risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19)
Zhou, Y., Chi, J., Lv, W., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3377 · Cited by 490
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
Gusev, E., Sarapultsev, A., Solomatina, L., & Chereshnev, V. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031716 · Cited by 281
Lai, A., Chang, M. L., O'Donnell, R. P., Zhou, C., Sumner, J. A., & Hsiai, T. K. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146464 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Ji, H.-L., Zhao, R., Matalon, S., & Matthay, M. A.
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2020-07-01
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1065-1075
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W3013449264
- Cited by
- 399
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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