Associations between Parental Anxiety/Depression and Child Behavior Problems Related to Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Roles of Parenting Stress and Parenting Self-Efficacy
Open accessAbstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been shown to experience increases in stress, depression, and anxiety, which are also associated with child behavior problems related to ASDs. Literature-examining potential mechanisms that underlie the relationship of child behavior problems and parental anxiety/depression in this population are scarce. The current study sought to examine the roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy as mediators between child behavior problems and parental anxiety/depression. Using a sample of 134 mothers, these potential mediators were tested. Hypotheses were supported, indicating that parenting stress mediated the relationship between child behavior problems and decreased parenting self-efficacy, and decreased parenting self-efficacy in turn partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and increased depression/anxiety.
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It is well known that parental competence and problem-solving skills are influenced by the disruptive behavior of their kids.
“It is well known that parental competence and problem-solving skills are influenced by the disruptive behavior of their kids [47,48].”
From The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy for improving psychological well‐being in parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results (section 3.4; page not provided) report a significant negative association between child behavior problems and parenting self-efficacy in this ASD-focused study. The Discussion (section 4.2; page not provided) says the competence scale includes parents’ perceptions of how easy their child’s problems are to solve, but it does not establish that disruptive behavior changes parents’ actual problem-solving skills. The claim also generalizes beyond the study’s population. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredParents and caregivers of children with autism often report anxiety and depression.
“anxiety and depression (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
From Mindfulness Parenting and Childish Play: A Clinical Trial With Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011
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Genova, H. M., Arora, A., & Botticello, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.761485 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Parental Stress and Quality of Life in Parents of Young Children with Autism
Neijs, L. D.-D., Boeke, D. B., van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I. A., Swaab, H., & Ester, W. A. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01693-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…that mothers of school aged children with ASD experience 1.5-times higher levels of daily parenting stress [27], present more stress-related mental and/or physical problems and have an elevated mortality hazard ratio compared to mothers of typically developing children [20, 27, 40, 41, 46, 58].”
InfluentialAl-Oran, H. M., & Lee, K. (2021) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-021-00345-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“To conclude, the small sample size may not have been appropriate to accurately determine the Table 1 Summary of published studies on predictors of parenting stress in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2009–2020) (Continued) Authors/ year/ country Study aim Study design Description of study Predictors…”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, M., You, Y., Chen, S., Li, L., Du, X., & Wang, Y. T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412913 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The scale is a 21-item, selfreported, norm-referenced measurement designed to investigate the severity of common depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms, [37] and Chinese versions have been shown to have excellent psychometric properties across normative and clinical samples and, importantly, with parents of youth wi…”
BackgroundGarcía‐López, C., Sarriá, E., & Pozo, P. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.04.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Almendingen, A., & Pilkington, P. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-05939-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…for known predictors of self-efficacy beliefs or parental psychological distress, including parent and child gender (Jones & Prinz, 2005 ), parent (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011 ) and child (Coleman & Karraker, 2000) age, and household income (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). bias-corrected and accelerated…”
Kulasinghe, K., Whittingham, K., & Mitchell, A. E. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320984625 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Although one study found that older mothers may experience more difficulties responding to the challenges of raising a child with ASD (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011), another found younger parental age to be linked with poorer mental health (Falk et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRattaz, C., Loubersac, J., Michelon, C., Picot, M., & Baghdadli, A. (2023) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104497 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Social Support and Parenting Stress in Hispanic Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Martinez, V. C., & Turnage, D. M. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2100949 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Increased parental stress influences depression and anxiety among parents of autistic children (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
BackgroundLevinson, S., Neuspiel, J. M., Eisenhower, A., & Blacher, J. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04675-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lanyi, J., Mannion, A., Chen, J. L., & Leader, G. (2021) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2021.1922529 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Other research also reported that greater behavioral problems in children with ASD positively correlated to parental stress.(39) A recently published review concluded that parents of those with an ASD diagnosis experienced higher levels of stress than any other parent group.”
BackgroundAlemdar, D. K., Yılmaz, G., & Günaydın, N. (2022) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01630-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“According to Rezendes and Scarpa (2011), the stress experienced by parents of children with disabilities reduces parental self-efficacy and increases anxiety and depression.”
BackgroundQuality of life of children and families
Puka, K., Conway, L., & Smith, M. L. (2020) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64148-9.00028-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Jackson, S. Z., Pinto‐Martin, J. A., Deatrick, J. A., Boyd, R. C., & Souders, M. C. (2022) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903221104147 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…by maternal stress and depressive symptoms (Mahoney et al., 1998; Osborne et al., 2008) and that the effect of child aberrant behavior on maternal depression may be mediated by factors, such as maternal self-efficacy and family functioning (Hastings & Brown, 2002; Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
BackgroundChiracu, A., Cosma, G., Stepan, A., Cosma, M., Corlaci, I., Călugăru, E. D. C., Voinea, F., Zăvăleanu, M., Burileanu, H. A., & Avramescu, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145104 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Self-efficacy, as a component of PsyCap, has also been shown to be an important resource in maintaining a high level of wellbeing and even of health state (Rezendes and Scarpa, 2011; Guillamón et al., 2013).”
BackgroundPereira, A. S., Azhari, A., Hong, C. A., Gaskin, G. E., Borelli, J. L., & Esposito, G. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050652 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Lower maternal self-efficacy has been found to be correlated to higher self-reported maternal anxiety [45].”
BackgroundSchiltz, H. K., McVey, A. J., Gonring, K., Haendel, A. D., Murphy, C. C., Hecke, A. V. V., & Gerdes, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02083-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Shared features of autism and ADHD may include challenges with executive functioning (Antshel et al., 2016; Antshel & Russo, 2019), social cognition (Antshel & Russo, 2019; Mikami et al., 2019), and social interactions (Gardner & Gerdes, 2015; Marton et al., 2015; Rowley et al., 2012).”
Yarger, H. A., & Redcay, E. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942000084x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…relations among parent stress, child characteristics such as behavior problems and increased rates of anxiety or depression in parents has been observed (e.g., Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011), underscoring the importance of providing intervention strategies for parents in order to help manage stress.”
BackgroundExamining indicators of psychosocial risk and resilience in parents of autistic children
Nunnally, A. D., Factor, R. S., Sturm, A., Soorya, L. V., Wainer, A., Taylor, S. L., Ponzini, M. D., Abbeduto, L., & Gulsrud, A. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1102516 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“, 2008), which in turn was associated with parents’ higher levels of anxiety and depression (Rezendes and Scarpa, 2011).”
Vitale, S. R., Schneider, H. L., Gardner, L. M., Alessandri, M., & Marker, C. D. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05627-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Putney, J. M., Greenlee, J. L., & Hartley, S. L. (2021) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12617 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…model, mothers and fathers of children with ASD report higher subjective level of parenting stress than parents of typically developing children (e.g., Estes et al., 2013) and parents of children with other types of neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g., Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
BackgroundPositive Family Intervention for Children with ASD: Impact on Parents’ Cognitions and Stress
Mueller, R., & Moskowitz, L. J. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01830-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Manan, A. I. A., Amit, N., Said, Z., & Ahmad, M. (2018) · Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia · doi:10.17576/jskm-2018-16si-19 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kubo, N., Kitagawa, M., Iwamoto, S., & Kishimoto, T. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00389-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Parental stress and symptoms of depression: a preliminary report
Barańczuk, U., & Pisula, E. (2020) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1797450 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…The British Society of Developmental Disabilities 2020 DOI 10.1080/20473869.2020.1797450 International Journal of Developmental Disabilities 2022 VOL. 68 NO. 4 445 2008, Marshall et al. 2018, Pottie and Ingram 2008, Rezendes and Scarpa 2011, Taylor and Warren 2012, Yorke et al. 2018).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHou, Y., Yan, T., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087729 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“org transition activities may increase parental parenting stress, thus hindering children’s social adjustment (Rezendes and Scarpa, 2011).”
BackgroundGreen, J. L., Rinehart, N., Anderson, V. A., Efron, D., Nicholson, J. M., Jongeling, B., Hazell, P., & Sciberras, E. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0861-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Taylor, L. J., Luk, S. Y. L., Leadbitter, K., Moore, H. L., & Charman, T. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101738 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Öztürk, Y., Vivanti, G., Uljarević, M., & Dissanayake, C. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.05.021 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hassenfeldt, T. A., Lorenzi, J., & Scarpa, A. (2014) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-014-0038-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…serve as a co-therapist, these stressors are not typically targets of treatment in PT. Parental stress often accompanies an ASD diagnosis, and decreases in parental stress are viewed as positive secondary outcomes as the child achieves treatment goals (Koegel et al. 1996; Rezendes and Scarpa 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationO papel da autoeficácia parental na saúde mental de mães de crianças com Síndrome da Zika Congênita
de Lima, T. J. S., & de Souza, L. E. C. (2021) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232020261.02222019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fante, C., Zagaria, A., Dioni, B., Raffin, C., Capelli, F., Manari, T., Lenzo, V., Picione, R. D. L., & Musetti, A. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102351 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Andrioni, F., Coman, C., Ghita, R.-C., Bularca, M. C., Motoi, G., & Fulger, V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042161 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Behavioural disorders in children lead to an increase in parental stress, which leads to decreased self-efficacy of parental role and the subsequent development of feelings of depression and anxiety [15] (pp.”
BackgroundPSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Wahab, R., & Ramli, F. F. A. (2022) · International Journal of Education Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.35631/ijepc.746037 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Parents of children with autism reported to be substantially more depressed than the parents of children with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
BackgroundCaring for autism in Ghana: exploring the psychological impact and coping strategies of caregivers
Acheampong, J. O. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2374686 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The study findings contradict earlier research outcomes by Rezendes and Scarpa (2011) that older caregivers report higher stress levels and find it more challenging to deal with the demands of raising a child with ASD.”
Fenning, R. M., Butter, E. M., Norris, M., Chan, J. G. M., Macklin, E. A., McKinnon-Bermingham, K., Albright, C. M., Stephenson, K. G., Scherr, J., Moffitt, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05660-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wahdan, M. M., Malak, M. Z., Al-Amer, R. M., Ayed, A., Russo, S., & Berte, D. Z. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.03.018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Barreto, S., Wang, S., Guarnaccia, U., Fogelman, N., Sinha, R., & Chaplin, T. M. (2024) · Archives of Pediatrics · doi:10.29011/2575-825x.100308 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…not possible to say with certainty from our cross-sectional dataset, it could be that while perceived life stress makes a parent more affectively reactive in the moment to a child’s distress, parenting stress works longitudinally along trait anxiety and depressive symptomatology pathways [62,63].”
BackgroundAnxiety and depression in parents of disabled children
Sălceanu, C., & Sandu, M. L. (2020) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v3i1.92 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Also, other studies indicate that parenting self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parental depression or anxiety, meaning that decreased parent self-efficacy correlated with increased depression or anxiety (Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
ResultA validation study of the Chinese version of the Autism Parenting Stress Index (C-APSI) in Hong Kong
Cheung, T. C. K., & Yeung, C. K. (2021) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101762 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Psychological Well-Being of Mothers of Children With Autism in Saudi Arabia
Alghamdi, K., Alahmadi, S., Sayedahmad, A., & Mosleh, H. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.23284 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The study found a significant amount of stress on these mothers compared with mothers of children with typical development [19].”
BackgroundPsychometric Properties of a Polish Version of the Parental Stress Index III (PSI III)
Pisula, E., & Barańczuk, U. (2019) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-019-09697-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…potentially declare the tendency to experience lower psychological well-being, lower positive affect and higher negative affect, as well as more anxiety and depression symptoms (Davis and Carter 2008; Leigh and Milgrom 2008; Marshall et al. 2018; Pottie and Ingram 2008; Rezendes and Scarpa 2011).”
BackgroundBrief report: Parenting stress among Chinese and Dutch caregivers of children with autism
Liu, F., Begeer, S., Hoekstra, R. A., Bai, Q., Wang, C., & Scheeren, A. M. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102224 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…reaches adolescence, the persistent nature of parenting stress may gradually accumulate over time, leading to an elevated sense of burden in caregiving, heightened levels of intrapersonal distress, and increased maladaptive coping strategies appear (Cadman et al., 2012; Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
Finding Benefit and Feeling Strain in Parenting a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Adams, H. C., Zlomke, K. R., & Rossetti, K. G. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05663-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Depression among Parents of Disabled Children
Millaku, J., & Kraja-Bardhi, E. (2022) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies · doi:10.53894/ijirss.v6i1.1062 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Aithal, S., Karkou, V., Makris, S., Karaminis, T. N., & Powell, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288626 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Parenting stress is also identified to mediate the relationship between child’s behavioural problems and decrease parenting self-efficacy [31].”
BackgroundMavroeidi, N., Sifnaios, C., Ntinou, A., Iatrou, G., Konstantakopoulou, O., Martínez, M. M., Nucifora, M., Tanrıkulu, İ., & Vadolas, A. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21040474 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Behavioral issues of their children and the severity of ASD symptoms are among the major contributors to the stress of parents of autistic children [13,14].”
BackgroundPedro, C., Freitas, P., Papoila, A. L., Dias, S. S., Caires, I., Martins, P., & Neuparth, N. M. B. (2017) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102917724334 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…with the results of other studies in relation to depression and anxiety (Leigh and Milgrom, 2008; Lewin et al., 2005; Murphy et al., 2010; Rezendes and Scarpa, 2011; Stevenson-Hinde et al., 2007; Williford et al., 2007), which also pointed to an influence of these dimensions on parenting…”
BackgroundResultQu, L., Colombi, C., Chen, W., Miller, A. L., Miller, H. L., & Ulrich, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06543-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…bidirectional relationship between parenting stress and child behavior problems in autism, with parenting stress contributing to an increase in autism symptoms and behavior problems, and vice versa (Lin et al., 2021; Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011; Rodriguez et al., 2019; Stephenson et al., 2023 ).”
Pivotal response treatment for autism: A brief report on training for rural communities
Dahiya, A. V., Openden, D., Ostmeyer, K. F., Anderson, R. M., & Scarpa, A. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22558 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of COVID-19 on Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Zia, N., Ravanfar, P., Allahdadian, S., & Ghasemi, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11175213 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“parents with ASD have increased as reported by studies in different countries such as the US and Switzerland [41,42].”
ResultInstruction in Functional Assessment
Desrochers, M. N., & Fallon, M. A. (2014) · BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Du, X., Sun, L., & Dong, Q. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01786-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…with autism have a positive predictive effect on parental anxiety [36], children’s behavioral problems trigger sources of stress and anxiety in mothers [53], and the state and trait anxiety of mothers are positively related to the total score of children’s difficulties and emotional symptoms [54].”
BackgroundLins-Silva, D. H., Bandeira, I. D., Faria-Guimarães, D., Dorea-Bandeira, I., Tolentino, A. C., Miranda‐Scippa, Â., Hermens, D. F., & Lucena, R. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02575-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Indeed, among parents of children on the autism spectrum, levels of anxiety, depression, and stress increase along with children’s demands [1].”
Virtual Mindfulness Workshops for Parents of Children on the Autism Spectrum
Curl, E. L., & Hampton, L. H. (2023) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151231169950 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN MOTHERS OF DISABLED AND NON-DISABLED CHILDREN
Ramzan, N., & Minhas, K. (2014) · Annals of King Edward Medical University · doi:10.21649/akemu.v20i4.680 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kim, J., Lee, S. G., Shin, J., Choi, Y., & Park, E. (2015) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.08.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Perceived Stress among Malay Caregivers of Children with Learning Disabilities in Kelantan
Isa, S. N. I., Ishak, I., Rahman, A. A., Saat, N. Z. M., Din, N. C., Lubis, S. H., & Ismail, M. F. M. (2016) · Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia · doi:10.17576/jskm-2016-1402-09 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Markodimitraki, M., Charitaki, G., Kypriotaki, M., Fragogianni, M.-E., & Kypriotakis, G. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2022.2109929 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Moreover, Rezendes and Scarpa (2011), examining the interplay of both parental stress and behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorders, found that it is the child ’ s behavioral problems and not the severity of the disorder that drives maternal depressive symptoms.”
BackgroundPondé, M. P., Medrado, A. A., Silva, A. M., Campos, R. C., & Siquara, G. M. (2023) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000425 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…the importance of providing greater care for the psychological vulnerabilities of parents of ASD children, as a population, lies in the higher negative impact on the ASD children, in the event of their condition and loss of capability to meet the everyday needs and demands of their children 8,20 .”
BackgroundLaçin, E., & LAÇİN, B. G. D. (2023) · Journal of Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1177/17446295231215414 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…studies have indicated that parents of children with intellectual disabilities experience high levels of stress and that high levels of stress are associated with low levels of parental self-ef fi cacy (El Tahir et al., 2022; Hohlfeld et al., 2018; Whiting et al., 2019; Rezendes & Scarpa, 2011).”
Derguy, C., Loyal, D., Devouche, É., & Cappe, É. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103716 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Athbah, S. Y. (2021) · Journal of Educational and Social Research · doi:10.36941/jesr-2021-0130 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Understanding Parental Self-efficacy in Fathers
Sevigny, P. R. (2013) · doi:10.82465/6332 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Resilience in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ekas, N. V., & Rafferty, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102418-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rezendes, D. L., & Scarpa, A.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scarpa, Angela
- ORCID
- Scarpa, Angela
- Venue
- Autism Research and Treatment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 2011
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 2090-1925 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-1933
- PMC
- PMC3420762
- OpenAlex
- W2141827715
- Semantic Scholar
- e3a6f1ef6c6003ea7bede8ea47c665339617e31a
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autism Research and Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, parental anxiety, parental depression, child behavior problems, parental stress, parental self-efficacy, mediation, mothers, maternal mental health
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