German Psychiatrists’ Observation and Interpretation of Religiosity/Spirituality
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to explore how contemporary German psychiatrists think about religiosity/spirituality (ReS) in regard to their therapies. We conducted an anonymous survey among the clinical staff of psychiatry and psychotherapy departments in German university hospitals and faith-based clinics in the same cities. Two main instruments were used, the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the questionnaire from Curlin et al. “Religion and Spirituality in Medicine: Physicians’ Perspectives.” A total of 123 psychiatrists participated in this survey. However, due to incomplete responses, only 99 questionnaires from psychiatrists were analyzed. Results show that German psychiatrists positively experience the influence of ReS on patients’ mental health. Psychiatrists’ own ReS significantly influenced their interpretation of the effect of ReS on psychiatric patients as well as their attitude toward ReS in the clinical setting. The more religious psychiatrists are, the more they tend to observe a positive influence of ReS on mental health. In light of these results, psychiatrists should be aware of their own religious/spiritual characteristics and also reconsider their assumptions about professional neutrality and value openness. Furthermore, training programs on religious/spiritual issues and effective teamwork with chaplains are recommended.
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Further research has been carried out to investigate the religious and spiritual profiles of psychiatrists and their attitudes towards including religion/spirituality into the management and care of their patients.
“In response to the increased importance of religion/spirituality in clinical practice, further research has been carried out, with the purpose of investigating the religious and spiritual profiles of psychiatrists and their attitudes towards including religion/spirituality into the management and care of their patients.9–14”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Brazilian psychiatrists who responded to the survey tended to have less religious affiliation than psychiatrists in the United States, Germany, and South Africa.
“They also tended to have less religious affiliation when compared with psychiatrists in the United States (82%),17 Germany (70.7%)11 and South Africa (84%).12”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Brazilian psychiatrists who responded to the survey had a greater percentage of belief in God than American, German, Canadian, and British psychiatrists.
“However, Brazilian psychiatrists showed a greater percentage of belief in God (71.4%), when compared with American (65%),17 German (56%),11 Canadian (54%)10 and British (23%) psychiatrists.9”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
American psychiatrists have 82% religious affiliation, German 70.7%, and South African 84%.
“They also tended to have less religious affiliation when compared with psychiatrists in the United States (82%),17 Germany (70.7%)11 and South Africa (84%).12”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
American psychiatrists have 65% belief in God, German 56%, Canadian 54%, and British 23%.
“when compared with American (65%),17 German (56%),11 Canadian (54%)10 and British (23%) psychiatrists.9”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“Yet, medical doctors have arguments on their side to not address these issues (i.e., professional neutrality, lack of time, lack of expertise, or even discomfort; Curlin et al., 2006; Lee & Baumann, 2013).”
BackgroundValidierung einer deutschsprachigen Spiritual Care-Kompetenz-Skala
Frick, E., Theiss, M., Recchia, D. R., & Büssing, A. (2019) · Spiritual Care · doi:10.1515/spircare-2018-0066 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…Rodrigues Recchia,Witten/Herdecke Arndt Büssing,Witten/Herdecke Die existenziellen und spirituellen Bedürfnisse der Patienten werden in der medizinischen Versorgung zumeist als „zu privat“ ausgeblendet (Voltmer et al. 2014), oft auch mit dem Argument der ärztlichen Neutralität (Lee & Baumann 2013).”
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“This parallels what studies in USA and Germany have reported (Ellis and Campbell 2005; Lee and Baumann 2013).”
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“Contrary to common expectation, physician attitudes toward influence of R/S on patient health did not differ between university hospitals and faith-based clinics in a study by Lee et al,[14] and differences between these types of institutions may be subject to prejudices.”
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Self-citationNorwegian psychotherapy: religiosity gap and spiritual care competence
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“The topic of spirituality seems to be difficult to reconcile with the concept of professional neutrality, as suggested in a study among German psychiatrists (Lee & Baumann, 2013).”
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“These data are similar to those found in the literature, showing that psychiatrists with a higher index of intrinsic religiosity had a greater perception of the influence of R/S on the health of patients and, the more religious they were, the more they tended to regard this influence as positive [27, 69].”
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“Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Farr A. Curlin for his work within this field of research and not least for the development of the RSMPP upon which the NERSH data pool rests.”
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“It has been validated so far in Germany (Frick et al. 2019), France (Neves Oliveira 2019), Norway (Mandelkow et al. 2021), and Spanish speaking Latin America (Pastrana et al. 2021), and thus in countries with a Christian background.”
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“However, addressing this spiritual side of patients is still a challenge for healthcare professionals (healthcare practitioners) while others see it as important (Curling et al., 2006; Lee & Baumann, 2013; Frick et al., 2021).”
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Implementierung von Spiritual Care – eine Option gegen emotionale Distanzierung?
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“Not only in our current survey, but also in other studies (Lee and Baumann 2013; Lee et al. 2011), professional neutrality is the strongest reason why psychiatric staff members say they will not deal with religions and related aspects in clinical settings.”
Self-citationThe NERSH Questionnaire and Pool of Data from 12 Countries: Development and Description
Hvidt, N. C., Curlin, F. A., Büssing, A., Baumann, K., Frick, E., Søndergaard, J., Nielsen, J. B., Lawrence, R. E., Lucchetti, G., Ramakrishnan, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01428-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating Religion and Spirituality into Clinical Practice
Hefti, R., & Büssing, A. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-929-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
SpECi – Ein Modellprojekt zur Implementierung spiritueller Kompetenz im Gesundheitswesen
Büssing, A., Gerundt, M., Giebel, A., & Kloke, M. (2023) · Spiritual Care · doi:10.1515/spircare-2023-0030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOSITY ON INCOME AND PROSPERITY: THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Anwar, M. K., Fahrullah, A., Ridlwan, A. A., Muzaki, M. H., Canggih, C., & Kautsar, A. (2020) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2020.8225 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kørup, A. K., Søndergaard, J., Lucchetti, G., Ramakrishnan, P., Baumann, K., Lee, E., Frick, E., Büssing, A., Alyousefi, N. A., Karimah, A., et al. (2021) · Universitas Airlangga Repository (Universitas Airlangga) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSpiritual Needs in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Baumann, K., Lee, E., & Reiser, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70139-0_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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“While some report a positive association,([1,4,5,7,8,14]) others have not been able to confirm this relationship,([3,12,13]) and some have reported mixed results.”
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A RELIGIOSIDADE E A ESPIRITUALIDADE COMO FORÇA E SENTIDO À VIDA EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS
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Measures of Spirituality/Religiosity—Description of Concepts and Validation of Instruments
Büssing, A. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-759-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Religions and Psychotherapies—Special Issue
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Self-citationSpiritual perspectives of Thai psychiatrists on mental health
Kosolsak, V. (2022) · Chulalongkorn Medical Journal · doi:10.58837/chula.cmj.66.1.12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“(13) Due to the format of the semi-structured interview questionnaire, direct conversations with the psychiatrists contributed more in-depth data, and also actual and personal experiences of the professionals that enriched this study with Thai mental health care details.”
BackgroundBüssing, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70139-0_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Das Böse in der Religion – Eine psychotherapeutische Perspektive
Baumann, K. (2018) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/a-0556-1139
Self-citationPsychiatrists’ attitude toward religion in clinical practice in Algeria
Algérie, P. L. C. L. B. M. –., Benmebarek, Z., Benaldjia, H., & Faculté de Médecine, U. D. B. 2. –. A. (2021) · Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) · doi:10.48087/bjmsoa.2021.8101
A religiosidade e a espiritualidade na prática psiquiátrica
Chequini, M. C. M. (2020) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2020.tde-14062021-084122
Spirituelle und seelsorgliche Betreuung von Tumorkranken
Frick, E. (2021) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_356-1
Hefti, R., Eglin, M., & Leiggener, C. S. (2023) · Spiritual Care · doi:10.1515/spircare-2023-0008
Grundzüge des SpECi-Projektantrages
Büssing, A., Giebel, A., Kern, M., & Kloke, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67742-1_2
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- Authors
- Lee, E., & Baumann, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Baumann, Klaus
- Venue
- Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2013
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC3847966
- OpenAlex
- W2073478469
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Keywords
- religiosity, spirituality, psychiatrists' attitudes, religion and mental health, professional neutrality, chaplaincy, German psychiatry
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