Routing Attacks and Countermeasures in the RPL-Based Internet of Things
Open accessAbstract
The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a novel routing protocol standardized for constrained environments such as 6LoWPAN networks. Providing security in IPv6/RPL connected 6LoWPANs is challenging because the devices are connected to the untrusted Internet and are resource constrained, the communication links are lossy, and the devices use a set of novel IoT technologies such as RPL, 6LoWPAN, and CoAP/CoAPs. In this paper we provide a comprehensive analysis of IoT technologies and their new security capabilities that can be exploited by attackers or IDSs. One of the major contributions in this paper is our implementation and demonstration of well-known routing attacks against 6LoWPAN networks running RPL as a routing protocol. We implement these attacks in the RPL implementation in the Contiki operating system and demonstrate these attacks in the Cooja simulator. Furthermore, we highlight novel security features in the IPv6 protocol and exemplify the use of these features for intrusion detection in the IoT by implementing a lightweight heartbeat protocol.
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A variety of data augmentation techniques, including shifting sensor locations, arbitrary rotations, permuting sensor event locations, time warping, and scaling, will significantly improve the performance of deep learning-based human activity recognition.
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- Authors
- Wallgren, L., Raza, S., & Voigt, T.
- Affiliations
- SICS Swedish ICT, Isafjordsgatan 22, 16440 Kista, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Raza, Shahid
- Venue
- International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-08-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 794326
- ISSN
- 1550-1329 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-1477
- OpenAlex
- W2026609766
- Cited by
- 483
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 20.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Commission (FP7-ICT-2011.1.3-288879)
- Swedish Institute of Computer Science (FP7-ICT-2011.1.3-288879)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Security and Intrusion Detection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security
- Keywords
- RPL routing protocol, Internet of Things security, routing attacks, 6LoWPAN, intrusion detection, resource-constrained devices, Contiki, Cooja simulator, CoAP
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