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Cited by 117Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stressExercise and Physiological Responses

Salivary Antioxidant Barrier, Redox Status, and Oxidative Damage to Proteins and Lipids in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly

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Maciejczyk, Mateusz, Zalewska, Anna, Ładny, Jerzy Robert·2019·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
DOI 10.1155/2019/4393460PMC PMC6915128
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Abstract

Despite the proven role of oxidative stress in numerous systemic diseases and in the process of aging, little is still known about the salivary redox balance of healthy children, adults, and the elderly. Our study was the first to assess the antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as blood samples of healthy individuals at different ages. We divided 90 generally healthy people into three equally numbered groups based on age: 2–14 (children and adolescents), 25–45 (adults), and 65–85 (elderly people). Antioxidant enzymes (salivary peroxidase (Px), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD)), nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and uric acid (UA)), redox status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated in NWS and SWS as well as in erythrocyte/plasma samples. We demonstrated that salivary and blood antioxidant defense is most effective in people aged 25–45. In the elderly, we observed a progressive decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓SOD, ↓GSH, and ↓TAC in erythrocytes and plasma vs. adults) as well as in NWS (↓Px, ↓UA, and ↓TAC vs. adults) and SWS (↓TAC vs. adults). Both local and systemic antioxidant systems were less efficient in children and adolescents than in the group of middle-aged people, which indicates age-related immaturity of antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative damage to proteins (↑AGE, ↑AOPP) and lipids (↑MDA) was significantly higher in saliva and plasma of elderly people in comparison with adults and children/adolescents. Of all the evaluated biomarkers, only salivary oxidative damage products generally reflected their content in blood plasma. The level of salivary redox biomarkers did not vary based on gender.

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  • Studies from 2019 suggest an age-related increase in skin AF, pentosidine levels, and total amount of AGEs.

    “studies from 2019 suggest an age-related increase in skin AF, pentosidine levels and total amount of AGEs [141,170,171]”

    From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [141]

    Results §3.3 reports higher AGE levels in saliva and plasma of older participants, supporting an age-related increase in the AGE measure studied. Methods §2.8 identifies that measure as AGE-specific fluorescence in samples; the paper does not report skin autofluorescence, pentosidine levels, or a measured total amount of AGEs. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • AGE levels are higher in saliva and plasma of elderly people (65-85 years) than in children (2-14 years) and adults (25-45 years).

    “| >Aging (and Diabetes) | Saliva, plasma | Children (2–14 years), adults (25–45 years), elderly (65–85 years, n = 30 per group) | Spectrophotometry | Higher AGE levels in saliva and plasma of elderly people compared to children and adults | [141] |”

    From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [141]

  • MDA levels are higher in saliva and plasma of elderly people (65-85 years; n = 30 per group) than in children (2-14 years) and adults (25-45 years), as measured by TBARS assay.

    “| Aging | Saliva, plasma | Children (2–14 years), adults (25–45 years), elderly (65–85 years, n = 30 per group) | TBARS assay | Higher MDA levels in saliva and plasma of elderly people compared to children and adults | [141] |”

    From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [141]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Maciejczyk, M., Zalewska, A., & Ładny, J. R.
Affiliations
Medical University of Białystok (PL)
Corresponding author
Maciejczyk, Mateusz
ORCID
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-12-05
Volume
2019
Pages
1-12
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
DOI
10.1155/2019/4393460
PMC
PMC6915128
OpenAlex
W2993432158
Cited by
117
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26
FWCI
10.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku (SUB/1/DN/19/002/1109, SUB/1/DN/19/007/1118)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
salivary antioxidants, oxidative stress, redox state, aging, age differences, children and adolescents, older adults, stimulated saliva, salivary peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, antioxidant biomarkers
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antioxidants, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Proteins, Saliva, Oxidative Stress, Young Adult

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