Cited by 197Phytochemical Studies and BioactivitiesMedicinal Plant ResearchPhytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds

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Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives

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Semwal, Prabhakar, Painuli, Sakshi, Abu-Izneid, Tareq, Rauf, Abdur, Sharma, Anshu, Daştan, Sevgi Durna, Kumar, Manoj, Alshehri, Mohammed M., Taheri, Yasaman, Das, Rajib, Mitra, Saikat, Emran, Talha Bin, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Calina, Daniela, Cho, William C.·2022·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Abstract

contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.

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Crossref · 10.1155/2022/1035441

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Figures

Figure 1 The biosynthetic pathways of diosgenin. Dioscorea zingiberensis, for diosgenin biosynthesis uses two P450 genes, DzinCYP94D144 and DzinCYP90G6, the orthologs of PpCYP94D108 and PpCYP90G4, which, from cholesterol, catalyze the formation of diosgenin.
Figure 1 The biosynthetic pathways of diosgenin. Dioscorea zingiberensis, for diosgenin biosynthesis uses two P450 genes, DzinCYP94D144 and DzinCYP90G6, the orthologs of PpCYP94D108 and PpCYP90G4, which, from cholesterol, catalyze the formation of diosgenin.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Diagram with cellular targets and molecular mechanisms involved in anticancer effect of diosgenin. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; abbreviated mRNA: messenger RNA; TIMP: metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; AKT: serine/threonine kinase 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; COX: cyclooxygenase; LOX: 5-lipoxygenase; LTB4: leukotriene B4; PARP-1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; ERα: estrogen receptor alpha; Src: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase; Cyt C: cytochrome C.
Figure 2 Diagram with cellular targets and molecular mechanisms involved in anticancer effect of diosgenin. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; abbreviated mRNA: messenger RNA; TIMP: metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; AKT: serine/threonine kinase 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; COX: cyclooxygenase; LOX: 5-lipoxygenase; LTB4: leukotriene B4; PARP-1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; ERα: estrogen receptor alpha; Src: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase; Cyt C: cytochrome C.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing the beneficial effect in atherosclerosis, thus preventing cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing the beneficial effect in atherosclerosis, thus preventing cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Summarized scheme showing the most representative biological activities of the diosgenin. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; T4: thyroxine; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; OPG: osteoprotegerin; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Figure 4 Summarized scheme showing the most representative biological activities of the diosgenin. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; T4: thyroxine; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; OPG: osteoprotegerin; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. PUBCHEM 2021 PubChem Available:https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
  2. Fujii K., 1936, Saponins and sterols. 8. Saponin of Dioscorea tokoro makino, Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 56, 408
  3. Docea A. O., 2016, Autoimmune disorders due to double antiviral therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus infection, Farmácia, 64, 605

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Metadata

Authors
Semwal, P., Painuli, S., Abu-Izneid, T., Rauf, A., Sharma, A., Daştan, S. D., Kumar, M., Alshehri, M. M., Taheri, Y., Das, R., Mitra, S., Emran, T. B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Calina, D., & Cho, W. C.
Affiliations
  • Graphic Era University (IN)
  • University of Swabi (PK)
  • Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (IN)
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi (TR)
  • ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (IN)
  • National Guard Health Affairs (SA)
  • Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
  • University of Dhaka (BD)
  • Daffodil International University (BD)
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Semwal, Prabhakar
  • Rauf, Abdur
  • Cho, William C.
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-01
Volume
2022
Issue
1
Pages
1035441-1035441
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
OpenAlex
W4281667219
Cited by
195
References
167
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 18
FWCI
3.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
Keywords
diosgenin, steroidal sapogenins, pharmacological activity, cancer, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, bone health, cognitive function, menopause, drug safety
MeSH terms
Asthma, Diosgenin, Humans, Neoplasms, Plant Extracts, Trigonella, Phytochemicals

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