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Cited by 491Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerProstate Cancer Treatment and ResearchCancer Risks and Factors

A meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer

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Kasper, Jocelyn S., Giovannucci, Edward·2006·Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0410
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Abstract

Background: Studies investigating the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer have reported inconsistent findings. We examined this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of the studies published on the subject. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched. Studies investigating the relationship between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer were included in the meta-analysis. Potential sources of heterogeneity between studies were explored and publication bias was evaluated. Pooled relative risk (RR) was calculated using the random-effects model. Numerous relevant subgroup analyses were also done. Results: We included 19 studies, published between 1971 and 2005, in the meta-analysis and found an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer [RR, 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-0.93, P for heterogeneity ≤ 0.01]. For cohort studies alone, the RR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.92, P for heterogeneity ≤ 0.01) and for case-control studies alone, the RR was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.72-1.11, P for heterogeneity = 0.02). The significant heterogeneity was mitigated in some of the subgroup analyses. For studies conducted before prostate-specific antigen screening was introduced as a common procedure, the RR was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.85-1.03, P for heterogeneity = 0.15), and for studies conducted after this time, the RR was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.64-0.83, P for heterogeneity = 0.10). For studies that adjusted for three or more potential confounders, the RR was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65-0.85, P for heterogeneity = 0.06) and for studies that adjusted for less than three potential confounders, the RR was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86-1.02, P for heterogeneity = 0.18). Conclusion: This study suggests an inverse relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer. Potential biological mechanisms underlying this association, as well as possible biases, are discussed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(11):2056–62)

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  • An inverse relationship between BMI and prostate cancer has been reported.

    “An inverse relationship between BMI and prostate cancer has been reported,1757”

    From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1757]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that preadult obesity may protect against advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, which supports a narrower inverse association. It also says adult adiposity does not correlate with prostate cancer risk, so it does not support a general inverse relationship between BMI and prostate cancer. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  1. [37]37. Wynder EL, Mabuchi K, Whitmore WF, Jr. Epidemiology of cancer of the prostate. Cancer 1971;28:344 -60.

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Authors
Kasper, J. S., & Giovannucci, E.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID
Giovannucci, Edward
Venue
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Publisher
American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Published
2006-11-01
Volume
15
Issue
11
Pages
2056-2062
ISSN
  • 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-7755
DOI
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0410
OpenAlex
W2124673576
Cited by
491
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 49
FWCI
1.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (CA009001)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA009001)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, cancer risk, PSA screening, confounding, publication bias, heterogeneity
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms, Research Design, Risk, Models, Statistical, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Complications

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