Cited by 1,160Cell death mechanisms and regulationCell Adhesion Molecules ResearchCancer Cells and Metastasis

Anoikis molecular pathways and its role in cancer progression

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Paoli, Paolo, Giannoni, Elisa, Chiarugi, Paola·2013·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research

Abstract

Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced upon cell detachment from extracellular matrix, behaving as a critical mechanism in preventing adherent-independent cell growth and attachment to an inappropriate matrix, thus avoiding colonizing of distant organs. As anchorage-independent growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, two features associated with anoikis resistance, are vital steps during cancer progression and metastatic colonization, the ability of cancer cells to resist anoikis has now attracted main attention from the scientific community. Cancer cells develop anoikis resistance due to several mechanisms, including change in integrins' repertoire allowing them to grow in different niches, activation of a plethora of inside-out pro-survival signals as over-activation of receptors due to sustained autocrine loops, oncogene activation, growth factor receptor overexpression, or mutation/upregulation of key enzymes involved in integrin or growth factor receptor signaling. In addition, tumor microenvironment has also been acknowledged to contribute to anoikis resistance of bystander cancer cells, by modulating matrix stiffness, enhancing oxidative stress, producing pro-survival soluble factors, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition and self-renewal ability, as well as leading to metabolic deregulations of cancer cells. All these events help cancer cells to inhibit the apoptosis machinery and sustain pro-survival signals after detachment, counteracting anoikis and constituting promising targets for anti-metastatic pharmacological therapy. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.026

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Authors
Paoli, P., Giannoni, E., & Chiarugi, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Florence (IT)
  • Tumour Institute of Tuscany (IT)
Corresponding author
Chiarugi, Paola
Venue
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-12
Volume
1833
Issue
12
Pages
3481-3498
ISSN
0167-4889 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2138362890
Cited by
1,160
References
269
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)
  • Istituto Toscano Tumori
  • Regione Toscana
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Keywords
anoikis, anoikis resistance, tumor progression, metastasis, anchorage-independent growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, integrins, inside-out signaling, autocrine loop, oncogene activation, tumor microenvironment, extracellular matrix stiffness, oxidative stress, cancer metabolism, apoptosis, anti-metastatic therapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Disease Progression, Cytoprotection, Anoikis

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