A 2-Year Follow-Up of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Background: The aim was to examine the longitudinal occurrence and persistence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Following 60 patients with mild to severe AD over a period of 2 years with annual evaluations, the prospective occurrence and persistence of BPSD in AD were determined by using the Behavioural Abnormalities in AD Rating scale (BEHAVE-AD). Clinical and demographic features of the AD patients were analysed for their association with course features of these symptoms. Results: All of the 60 AD patients experienced BPSD at some point during the 2-year period, particularly agitation was present in every patient within this period. 2-year persistence of BPSD in AD was frequently observed in patients with agitation and with depressiveness, with less frequency in patients with anxiety and aggressiveness, but not in patients with delusions or hallucinations. 2-year persistent aggressiveness was associated with older age and more functional impairment. More functional impairment was also related to 2-year non-persistent hallucinations. Conclusions: Counselling AD patients and their families and tailoring therapeutic strategies should take into account the different modi of BPSD in AD occurring and persisting longitudinally and interacting with functional disturbances.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., & Roth, M. (1968) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.114.512.797 · Cited by 4,117 · see citing works
Roth, M., Tym, E., Mountjoy, C. Q., Huppert, F. A., Hendrie, H., Verma, S., & Goddard, R. (1986) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.698 · Cited by 2,090 · see citing works
Overview of depression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease
Wragg, R. E., & Jeste, D. V. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.5.577 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Mittelman, M. S., Ferris, S. H., Steinberg, G., Shulman, E., Mackell, J. A., Ambinder, A., & Cohen, J. (1993) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/33.6.730 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Predictors of disease course in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
Stern, Y., Mayeux, R. P., Sano, M. C., Hauser, W. A., & Bush, T. (1987) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.37.10.1649 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
A validation study of The Geriatric Depression Scale short form
Herrmann, N., Mittmann, N., Silver, I., Shulman, K. I., Busto, U. E., Shear, N. H., & Naranjo, C. A. (1996) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199605)11:5 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Emergence of psychosis and depression in the longitudinal evaluation of Alzheimer's disease
Rosen, J., & Zubenko, G. S. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)91284-x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Behavioral Syndromes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Devanand, D. P., Brockington, C. D., Moody, B. J., Brown, R. P., Mayeux, R. P., Endicott, J., & Sackeïm, H. A. (1992) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161029200125x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The Nature of Psychotic Symptoms in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Rubin, E. H., Drevets, W. C., & Burke, W. J. (1988) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198878800100104 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Aarsland, D., Cummings, J. L., Yenner, G., & Miller, B. L. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.2.243 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Prospective longitudinal study of depression and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease
STARKSTEIN, S. E., Chemerinski, E., Sabe, L., et al. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.171.1.47 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Predictors of nursing home placement in patients with alzheimer's disease
Haupt, M., & Kurz, A. (1993) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930080906 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationKnesevich, J. W., Martin, R. L., Berg, L., & Danziger, W. L. (1983) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.140.2.233 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in a Nursing Home Population
Chandler, J. D., & Chandler, J. (1988) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198878800100203 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Behavioural complications of dementia—can they be treated?
Hinchliffe, A. C., Hyman, I., Blizard, B., & Livingston, G. (1995) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930101005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Sclan, S. G., SAILLON, A., Franssen, E., Hugonot-Diener, L., Saillon, A., & Reisberg, . (1996) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199609)11:9 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Aggressive behaviour in elderly people with dementia: A review
Patel, V., & Hope, T. (1993) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930080603 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Treatment of Late-life Schizophrenia With Neuroleptics
Jeste, D. V., Lacro, J. P., Gilbert, P., et al. (1993) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/19.4.817 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A One-Year Follow-Up Study of Depression in Dementia Sufferers
Ballard, C. G., Patel, A., Solis, M., Lowe, K., & Wilcock, G. K. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.168.3.287 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Reisberg, ., Borenstein, J., Franssen, E., et al. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6414-0_1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Psychiatric Differentiation of Senility and Arteriosclerosis
BIRKETT, D. P. (1972) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.120.556.321 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Psychotic Symptoms in Dementia Sufferers: Psychosis in Dementia
Ballard, C. G., O'Brien, J. T., Coope, B., et al. (1997) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610297004201 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Presentation and Stability of Noncognitive Symptom Patterns in Patients with Alzheimer Disease
Haupt, M., Jänner, M., Ebeling, S., et al. (1998) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-199812000-00012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationChandra, V. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic Intervention in Dementia
Haupt, M. (1996) · Dementia · doi:10.1159/000106880 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationChristensen (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199703)12:3
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhao, Q.-F., Tan, L., Wang, H.-F., Jiang, T., Tan, M.-S., Tan, L., Xu, W., Li, J.-Q., Wang, J., Lai, T.-J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.069 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Oliveira, A. M. D., Radanovic, M., Mello, P. C. H. D., Buchain, P. C., Vizzotto, A. D. B., Celestino, D. L., Stella, F., Piersol, C. V., & Forlenza, O. V. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/218980 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: 5-year longitudinal study
Vik‐Mo, A. O., Giil, L. M., Ballard, C., & Aarsland, D. (2018) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4933 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Weiner, M. F., Tractenberg, R. E., Sano, M., Logsdon, R., Teri, L., Galasko, D., Gamst, A., Thomas, R., & Thal, L. J. (2002) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198870201500208 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Persistence of and Changes in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease Over 6 Months
Ryu, S.-H., Katona, C., Rive, B., & Livingston, G. (2005) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200511000-00008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haupt, M., Kurz, A., & Jänner, M.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Venue
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 147-152
- ISSN
- 1420-8008 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9824
- OpenAlex
- W2068945622
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, agitation, aggression, depression, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, symptom persistence, functional disability, BEHAVE-AD
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aggression, Alzheimer Disease, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Follow-Up Studies, Hallucinations, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Agitation, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
