Exogenous factors in skin aging
Abstract
The dramatic alteration in the appearance of the skin with aging is related to both intrinsic (genetic) and exogenous factors. While intrinsic aging is an insidious degenerative process predictable in outcome, the superposition of environmental factors is neither universal nor inevitable. There are distinct morphologic and histological features differentiating intrinsic and extrinsic aging of the skin. The most well appreciated environmental factors affecting skin aging are sun exposure and smoking. Recent advances in molecular biology have increased our understanding of the mechanisms by which exogenous factors contribute to the cutaneous aging. The skin is equipped with numerous inherent mechanisms that protect and defend against accelerating aging. But the efficacy of these mechanisms decreases significantly over a lifetime. In this review, we summarize the features of extrinsic aging and biochemical steps involved in this process.
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Chronological aging is mainly characterized by dry skin, dullness, lack of elasticity, and fine wrinkles.
“It is mainly characterized by dry skin, dullness, lack of elasticity, and fine wrinkles [18].”
From Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO TREATMENT OF EDENTULOUS PATIENTS WITH PERIORAL WRINKLES OF THE SKIN
Hakobyan, G., Khachikyan, K. M., Haruthyunyan, A., Vanyan, N., & Romanihina, V. (2023) · BULLETIN OF STOMATOLOGY AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY · doi:10.58240/1829006x-2023.19.1-54
Silveira, F. P. D. M., Teixeira, J. D. A., Santos, I. T., de Morais, R. P. L., Araújo, G. M., Correia, D. L. D. N., & Moreira, A. G. (2024) · Seven Editora eBooks · doi:10.56238/sevened2024.007-048
Ash, D., Sen, S., Shaw, S., Dutta, A., Kumari, L., & Mukherjee, S. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394393145.ch7
Age-related changes of the eyelid and surgery of eyelids in aging
Briscoe, D., Levinkron, O., Shalom, D., Gutovitz, J., & Kridin, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13983-3.00001-8
Tissot, F. S. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/15252dfez0dfez4a42z83f4z21be7c773c9d
Wang, J. V., Pomerantz, H., Tao, J., Tran, T.-N., Peredo, M., Weiss, R., Weiss, M. A., Manstein, D., & Geronemus, R. G. (2026) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000005203
- Authors
- Landau, M.
- Affiliations
- Wolfson Medical Center (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Landau, Marina
- ORCID
- Landau, Marina
- Venue
- Current problems in dermatology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 35
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1421-5721 (ISSN-L)
- 1662-2944
- OpenAlex
- W1580229112
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 50.09
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current problems in dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- skin aging, extrinsic aging, intrinsic aging, sun exposure, smoking, environmental factors, skin histology, skin morphology, molecular mechanisms of aging
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Smoking, Sunlight, Skin Aging
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