Cited by 384Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationFetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders

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Role of Intermediate Progenitor Cells in Cerebral Cortex Development

Pontious, Adria, Kowalczyk, Tom, Englund, Chris, Hevner, Robert F.·2008·Developmental Neuroscience

DOI 10.1159/000109848

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Abstract

Intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) are a type of neurogenic transient amplifying cells in the developing cerebral cortex. IPCs divide symmetrically at basal (abventricular) positions in the neuroepithelium to produce pairs of new neurons or, in amplifying divisions, pairs of new IPCs. In contrast, radial unit progenitors (neuroepithelial cells and radial glia) divide at the apical (ventricular) surface and produce only single neurons or single IPCs by asymmetric division, or self-amplify by symmetric division. Histologically, IPCs are most prominent during the middle and late stages of neurogenesis, when they accumulate in the subventricular zone, a progenitor compartment linked to the genesis of upper neocortical layers (II–IV). Nevertheless, IPCs are present throughout cortical neurogenesis and produce neurons for all layers. In mice, changes in the abundance of IPCs caused by mutations of Pax6, Ngn2, Id4 and other genes are associated with parallel changes in cortical thickness but not surface area. In gyrencephalic brains, IPCs may play broader roles in determining not only laminar thickness, but also cortical surface area and gyral patterns. We propose that regulation of IPC genesis and amplification across developmental stages and regional subdivisions modulates laminar neurogenesis and contributes to the cytoarchitectonic differentiation of cortical areas.

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Background
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Pilot study of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in relation to brain structure in youth bipolar disorder
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The rate of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand break repair in the embryonic mouse brain is unaffected by exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields
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“The cell bodies occupy the ventricular zone (VZ), and through rounds of asymmetric divisions, they give rise to IPCs, which in turn produce two post-mitotic neurons or in some cases an additional pair of progenitors (Englund et al., 2005; Moln ar et al., 2014; Noctor et al., 2004; Pontious et al., 2008; Vasistha et al…”
Background
Brain morphology and information processing at the completion of chemotherapy-only treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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Prenatal Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Exposure Impaired Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor, Leading to Motor, Cognition, Social and Behavioral Functions
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RAB 2 A Polymorphism impacts prefrontal morphology, functional connectivity, and working memory
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“According to the radial unit hypothesis and radial amplification hypothesis, cortical thickness is also influenced by the number of cells within a column [Rakic, 1988] and intermediate progenitor cells [Pontious et al., 2008].”
Meninges Play a RAdical Role in Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Regulation
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“Initially, neuroepithelial stem cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo symmetric divisions to generate two daughter cells that reenter the cell cycle (Pontious et al., 2008).”
Background
Forebrain neurogenesis: From embryo to adult.
Dennis, D. J., Picketts, D. J., Slack, R. S., & Schuurmans, C. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 9
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“Mammalian neurogenesis relies on intermediate progenitor cells, the immediate descendants of radial glial cells that divide in the subventricular zone to amplify neuronal production (Pontious et al., 2007).”
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“What is more, a few studies have already focused on the alterations of cortical characteristics in the patients with PTN, which was indirectly reflected by the regulation of intermediate progenitor cell neurogenesis and amplification [16].”
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Putative Cellular and Molecular Roles of Zika Virus in Fetal and Pediatric Neuropathologies
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Neuroimaging PheWAS (Phenome-Wide Association Study): A Free Cloud-Computing Platform for Big-Data, Brain-Wide Imaging Association Studies
Zhao, L., Batta, I., Matloff, W. J., O’Driscoll, C., Hobel, S. M., & Toga, A. W. (2020) · Neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/s12021-020-09486-4 · Cited by 8
Ash1l loss-of-function results in structural birth defects and altered cortical development
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Genetic Influences on Longitudinal Trajectories of Cortical Thickness and Surface Area during the First 2 Years of Life
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Shorvon, S. D., Andermann, F., & Guerrini, R. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921001.016 · Cited by 7
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Osumi, N., & Kikkawa, T. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54496-8_3 · Cited by 8
Human Developmental Genetics
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Defective Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Shigenaka, A., Nitta, E., Nakagawa, T., Nakagawa, M., & Hosoi, T. (2025) · Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.3390/jdb13040040 · Cited by 8
Cortical Gyrification Morphology in Adult Males with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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PML: a tumor suppressor essential for neocortical development
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Altered Brain Structure-Function Relationships Underlie Executive Dysfunction in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
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De novo variants disrupt an LDB1 -regulated transcriptional network in congenital ventriculomegaly
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Differential neurogenic patterns underlie the formation of primary and secondary areas in the developing somatosensory cortex
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14-3-3 proteins at the crossroads of neurodevelopment and schizophrenia
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Telencephalic Neurogenesis Versus Telencephalic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells
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“In the dorsal telencephalon, the NP cells are radial glia and basal (or intermediate) progenitors [5;21-23].”
Background

Authors: Pontious, A., Kowalczyk, T., Englund, C., & Hevner, R. F.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Hevner, Robert F.
Venue: Developmental Neuroscience
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Published: 2007-12-13
Volume: 30
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 24-32
ISSN: 0378-5866 (ISSN-L)
1421-9859
DOI: 10.1159/000109848
OpenAlex: W2012470399
Cited by: 378
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (vor)
www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (tdm)
Locations: Developmental Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Keywords: intermediate progenitor cells, cortical development, cortical neurogenesis, subventricular zone, radial glia, neuroepithelial cells, cortical lamination, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, Pax6, Ngn2, Id4, cytoarchitecture, gyrencephaly
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Nerve Growth Factors, Nervous System Malformations, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Stem Cells, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice

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Role of Intermediate Progenitor Cells in Cerebral Cortex Development

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