Ectodermal Dysplasias
Abstract
This note presents a criterium for the delineation of the nosologic group known as ectodermal dysplasias and classifies 32 conditions within it.
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A widely recognized nosology from the 1970s, created by Dr. Newton Freire-Maia, covered conditions with classical signs in hair, teeth, nails, and/or sweat glands.
“The most widely known such nosology was developed by Dr. Newton Freire-Maia in the 1970s and included conditions with “classical signs” involving hair, teeth, nails, and/or sweat glands.”
From Ectodermal dysplasias: Classification and organization by phenotype, genotype and molecular pathway. (2019) · cites this paper as Freire-Maia 1971
Early classification schemes for these conditions were made before molecular genetics and grouped them by observable traits and inheritance pattern.
“Initial classification systems for the EDs predate molecular genetics and were categorized and grouped according to phenotypic features and mode of inheritance.”
From Ectodermal dysplasias: Classification and organization by phenotype, genotype and molecular pathway. (2019) · cites this paper as Freire-Maia 1971
Freire-Maia offered the most common major classification scheme in 1971, grouping disorders based on involvement of hair, teeth, nails, or eccrine sweat glands, termed 1, 2, 3, and 4.
“Freire-Maia offered the most common major classification scheme in 1971, with primary emphasis on grouping the disorders based on the involvement of hair, teeth, nails, or eccrine sweat glands, which were termed as 1,2, 3, and 4, respectively.”
From Ectodermal Dysplasia – An Overview and Update (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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Ectodermal dysplasias: A clinical classification and a causal review
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Ectodermal dysplasias: Classification and organization by phenotype, genotype and molecular pathway.
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“The most widely known such nosology was developed by Dr. Newton Freire-Maia in the 1970s and included conditions with “classical signs” involving hair, teeth, nails, and/or sweat glands (Freire-Maia, 1971, 1977; Freire-Maia & Pinheiro, 1984, 1988).”
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“[2] This classification finally came to include around 154 entities, [3] amongst which multiple entities belong to other classifications like pachyonychia congenita, dyskeratosis congenita, and Rothmund‑Thompson syndrome.”
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Odonto-ungueal dysplasia: an apparently new autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia
Pinheiro, M., & FREIRE‐MAIA, N. (1996) · Brazilian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1590/s0100-84551996000400019 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSato, M. T., Marzagão, R., Pagnan, N. A. B., FREIRE‐MAIA, N., & Júnior, C. A. M. (2004) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27492004000400012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationScanning Electron Microscopic Investigations of the Hair in Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes
Haneke, E., & Wilsch, L. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81650-5_72 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Molecular basis and genetics of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias
Kovalskaia, V. A., Cherevatova, T., Polyakov, A. V., & Рыжкова, О. П. (2023) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vjgb-23-78 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Despite the hair failing, nails thrive…
Mukherjee, S., & Chandrashekar, B. (2017) · Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology · doi:10.4103/2319-7250.202999 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Punj, A., & Kattadiyil, M. T. (2018) · Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.03.011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Freire-Maia, N.
- Venue
- Human Heredity
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 1971
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 309-312
- ISSN
- 0001-5652 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0062
- OpenAlex
- W4230514114
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Heredity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › dental development and anomalies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Keywords
- ectodermal dysplasia, disease classification, classification criteria, genetic disorders, dental anomalies, craniofacial anomalies
- MeSH terms
- Ectodermal Dysplasia, Humans
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