Prospective clinical trial of dental implants in persons with ectodermal dysplasia
Abstract
Statement of problems Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary condition in which hypodontia is the second most frequently occurring sign. Hypodontia is associated with lack of development of the alveolar ridge and results in less volume of bone for support of conventional prostheses. Minimal development of the alveolar ridge can affect the bone volume available for the placement of dental implants. Purpose This clinical trial evaluated the survival of implants placed in individuals with a form of ectodermal dysplasia and severe hypodontia. Material and methods Two hundred sixty-four titanium endosteal dental implants were placed in 51 subjects: 37 males and 14 females between the ages of 8 and 68 (mean age 20.5 years, median age 16.5 years). Two hundred forty-three implants were placed in the anterior mandible, and 21 were placed in the anterior maxilla with a 2-stage surgical protocol. Either fixed-detachable dentures or bar-clip overdentures were provided. Subjects were followed up for 0 to 78 months after second-stage surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival rates and curves were produced to describe the survival of the implants for the different age groups and implant locations. Repeated-measures Cox regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios for age and location, with alpha=.05 as the criteria for significance. Results Of the 243 implants placed in the anterior mandible, 221 (91%) survived. Of the 21 implants placed in the anterior maxilla, 16 (76%) survived. Fourteen of the 51 (27%) subjects had a failed implant. All but 2 failures occurred before or at second-stage surgery. Implant-supported prostheses were provided for all patients. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the results support the continued use of endosteal dental implants in this patient population with appropriate precautions in the maxilla.
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Studies have reported a 95% implant survival rate in young adult ED patients who received implants after age 18.
“Conversely, studies have reported a 95% implant survival rate in young adult ED patients who received implants after the age of 18 [63].”
From Outcomes of dental implant treatment in 3–18 year old children with ectodermal dysplasia: a systematic review spanning three decades (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
The belief that mandibular implants are safer than maxillary implants is commonly held and supported by the aggregated data in this study.
“The belief that mandibular implants are safer than maxillary implants is commonly held and supported by the aggregated data in this study [29, 63].”
From Outcomes of dental implant treatment in 3–18 year old children with ectodermal dysplasia: a systematic review spanning three decades (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
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Petropoulos, V. C., Balshi, T. J., Wolfinger, G. J., & Balshi, S. F. (2014) · Implant Dentistry · doi:10.1097/id.0000000000000078 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A simplified approach for prosthodontic management of syndromic oligodontia
Yadav, N., Kumar, D., Legha, V. S., & Kumar, K. V. A. (2015) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.12.016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Maatouk, F., Afia, I. B., Masmoudi, F., Laribi, W., & Ghédira, H. (2015) · The Journal of Dentists · doi:10.12974/2311-8695.2015.03.02.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
McMillan, K. B., McMillan, D. C., Arce, K., & Salinas, T. J. (2022) · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1007/s10006-022-01107-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhu, S., Chen, R., Zhang, S., Wang, Z., & Xie, Z. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-07230-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Conversely, studies have reported a 95% implant survival rate in young adult ED patients who received implants after the age of 18 [63].”
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Smiling factory: Early rehabilitation of two young children with ectodermal dysplasia - Case reports
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Prosthetic and implant rehabilitation in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A 13-year follow-up.
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Prosthodontic treatment strategy for patients with ectodermal dysplasia: A literature review
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Oral rehabilitation of a patient with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Clouston syndrome)
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Hypodontie d’une dysplasie ectodermique : traitement par implantologie très précoce
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CURRENT APPROACHES FOR TOOTH AGENESIS: A REVIEW
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Ectodermal dysplasia and prosthodontic management
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- Authors
- Guckes, A. D., Scurria, M. S., King, T. S., McCarthy, G. R., & Brahim, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- ORCID
- King, Tonya S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-25
- ISSN
- 0022-3913 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2053405080
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › dental development and anomalies
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Radiography and Imaging
- Keywords
- ectodermal dysplasia, tooth agenesis, dental implants, implant survival, alveolar ridge, endosseous implants, titanium implants, implant failure, anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, two-stage surgery
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anodontia, Child, Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Denture Design, Denture Retention, Denture, Overlay, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mandible, Maxilla, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Titanium, Dental Implants, Confidence Intervals, Proportional Hazards Models, Odds Ratio, Survival Analysis, Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported, Dental Restoration Failure
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