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Behavioural Interventions for Obese Adults with Additional Risk Factors for Morbidity: Systematic Review of Effects on Behaviour, Weight and Disease Risk Factors
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BACKGROUND: Reducing obesity through effective behaviour change interventions is of key importance to prevent disabling and life-threatening conditions, particularly in individuals already at risk for morbidity. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of behavioural interventions for obese adults with additional risk factors for morbidity on behaviour, weight and disease risk factors. METHODS: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Three electronic databases and three journals were searched for behavioural interventions (aimed at changing dietary intake and/or physical activity (PA)) for adults (mean BMI ≥30 kg/m(2); mean age ≥40 years) with risk factors for morbidity, reporting follow-up data ≥12 weeks. RESULTS: 44 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Behavioural outcomes, weight loss, and cardiovascular disease risk factors showed consistent modest improvements over time, especially for interventions targeting both diet and PA. CONCLUSION: Behavioural interventions in at-risk populations showed positive effect tendencies on behaviour, weight, and disease risk factors. However, there is still ample room for improvement, and future research should focus on identifying the most effective means of inducing dietary and PA behaviour change in this vulnerable population.
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“Behavioral interventions that target improvements in diet and physical activity are an effective way to help people lose weight and decrease chronic disease risk factors [6].”
From Tweets, Apps, and Pods: Results of the 6-Month Mobile Pounds Off Digitally (Mobile POD) Randomized Weight-Loss Intervention Among Adults (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Consequently, the effectiveness of large-scale initiatives often varies (Dombrowski et al. , 2010) and sustaining a newly adopted health behaviour is often difficult for most people (Hills et al. , 2014).”
BackgroundThe Role of Diet in the Cardiovascular Health of Childhood Cancer Survivors—A Systematic Review
Li, R. K., BARKER, A. R., Vlachopoulos, D., Paris, D., Schindera, C., Belle, F. N., & Iniesta, R. R. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16091315 · Cited by 12
“Finally, populations were mostly North American and European, with limited diversity, and survivors predominately comprised ALL patients, reducing generalizability to other diagnoses.”
BackgroundRelationship of social capital with overweight and obesity among female health care workers.
Firouzbakht, M., Riahi, M. E., Hajian‐Tilaki, K., Ebadi, A., Tirgar, A., & Nikpour, M. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/cjim.10.3.281 · Cited by 11
“1) 36 (11) Marital status Single 144 (22) 91 (29.”
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“Previous studies showed that lifestyle changes include behavioral therapies, diet changes, and physical exercise, which require high self-discipline and need to implement at leaset 6 months or more to achieve significant improvements [19, 20] on body weight control.”
BackgroundDombrowski, S. U., McDonald, M., Pol, M. M. V. D., Grindle, M., Avenell, A., Carroll, P., Calveley, E., Elders, A., Glennie, N., Gray, C. M., et al. (2020) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr08110 · Cited by 13
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“It has further been proposed that congenital anomalies, such as spina-bifida, cardiovascular abnormalities, cleft lip and palate and finger anomalies, are more likely in females with an abnormal BMI compared to females with a normal weight, and the likelihood of delayed onset of spontaneous breath- Copyright © 2018, I…”
BackgroundInfluentialInfluence on Adiposity and Atherogenic Lipaemia of Fatty Meals and Snacks in Daily Life
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“Page | 6 Some studies recommended that behavioral interventions should be targeted to both the healthy diet and regular physical activities for the betterment of life and to prevent overweight and obesity [21, 22].”
BackgroundIs It Time to Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms?
Gentil, P., Viana, R. B., Naves, J. P. A., Vecchio, F. B. D., Coswig, V. S., Loenneke, J. P., & de Lira, C. A. B. (2020) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology9040070 · Cited by 9
Kwaśnicka, D., Łuszczyńska, A., Hagger, M. S., Quested, E., Pagoto, S., Verboon, P., Robinson, S., Januszewicz, A., Idziak, P., Palacz-Poborczyk, I., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040183 · Cited by 10
Semi-automated system for predicting calories in photographs of meals
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“There is very limited data available in regards to assessing the long-term use of interventions in regards to managing obesity in children [9, 10].”
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Roberts, R. L., Markande, A., Kasaven, L. S., Chieveley-Williams, S., Faris, R., Bracewell‐Milnes, T., Thum, Y., Nicopoullos, J. D. M., & Jones, B. P. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.70015 · Cited by 8
Construct validation of the Portuguese version of the Restraint Scale
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“Weight-loss often plateaus after six months of a behavioral intervention and is typically followed by a period of gradual weight regain (Avenell et al., 2004; Dombrowski et al., 2010).”
BackgroundRobinson, C., Thompto, A. J., Lima, E. N., & Damschroder, L. J. (2022) · Learning Health Systems · doi:10.1002/lrh2.10345 · Cited by 7
Palacz-Poborczyk, I., Idziak, P., Januszewicz, A., Łuszczyńska, A., Quested, E., Naughton, F., Hagger, M. S., Pagoto, S., Verboon, P., Robinson, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/34089 · Cited by 11
“The 6 steps and related tasks of the Intervention Mapping process are described in the following sections and summarized in Multimedia Appendix 1 [9,18,33,36-38].”
MethodBirnie, K., Thomas, L., Fleming, C., Phillips, S. M., Sterne, J. A. C., Donovan, J., & Craig, J. (2016) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1901-1 · Cited by 7
“Systematic reviews of RCTs have demonstrated that calorie restricted diets alone are more effective for weight loss than physical activity alone [20–22].”
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Ghafri, T. A., Anwar, H., Hinai, E. A., Harthi, T. A., Jufaili, F. A., Siyabi, R. A., Harthi, S. A., Hasani, S. A., Harthi, M. A., & Harthi, S. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11549-3 · Cited by 7
“Incorporating behavior change techniques (BCTs) in PA interventions has been shown to effectively move individuals from ‘inactive’ to ‘active’ stages of change for PA [27] and in weight management [28].”
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Effect of instruction and experience on students’ learning strategies
Yüksel, E. M., Green, C. S., & Vlach, H. A. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-023-09372-9 · Cited by 11
“…generally more receptive to shifts in behavior when they are shown rather than told, while, at the same time, explicitly addressing misconceptions that direct experience with more effective strategies often produces (e.g., Carpenter et al., 2013; Curioni & Lourenco, 2005; Dombrowski et al., 2010).”
Hales, S. B., LaFata, E. M., Turner, T. F., Malcolm, R. J., Wojtanowski, A. C., Rethorst, C. D., Pinto, A. M., Foster, G. D., & O'Neil, P. M. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab110 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Dombrowski, S. U., Avenell, A., & Sniehott, F. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Venue
- Obesity Facts
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 377-396
- ISSN
- 1662-4025 (ISSN-L)
- 1662-4033
- PMC
- PMC6515855
- OpenAlex
- W2019706121
- Semantic Scholar
- aa9cff551fb09354d78fb1f42971a4275c3e192e
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Facts (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- obesity, behavioral interventions, adults, comorbid risk factors, weight loss, dietary behavior change, physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, diet and exercise intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Evidence-Based Medicine
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