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Cited by 788Behavioral Health and InterventionsPhysical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Effective behaviour change techniques for physical activity and healthy eating in overweight and obese adults; systematic review and meta-regression analyses

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Samdal, Gro Beate, Eide, Geir Egil, Barth, Tom, Williams, Geoffrey, Meland, Eivind·2017·International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
DOI 10.1186/s12966-017-0494-yPMC PMC5370453
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Abstract

This systematic review aims to explain the heterogeneity in results of interventions to promote physical activity and healthy eating for overweight and obese adults, by exploring the differential effects of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and other intervention characteristics. The inclusion criteria specified RCTs with ≥ 12 weeks’ duration, from January 2007 to October 2014, for adults (mean age ≥ 40 years, mean BMI ≥ 30). Primary outcomes were measures of healthy diet or physical activity. Two reviewers rated study quality, coded the BCTs, and collected outcome results at short (≤6 months) and long term (≥12 months). Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used to estimate effect sizes (ES), heterogeneity indices (I2) and regression coefficients. We included 48 studies containing a total of 82 outcome reports. The 32 long term reports had an overall ES = 0.24 with 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15 to 0.33 and I2 = 59.4%. The 50 short term reports had an ES = 0.37 with 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.48, and I2 = 71.3%. The number of BCTs unique to the intervention group, and the BCTs goal setting and self-monitoring of behaviour predicted the effect at short and long term. The total number of BCTs in both intervention arms and using the BCTs goal setting of outcome, feedback on outcome of behaviour, implementing graded tasks, and adding objects to the environment, e.g. using a step counter, significantly predicted the effect at long term. Setting a goal for change; and the presence of reporting bias independently explained 58.8% of inter-study variation at short term. Autonomy supportive and person-centred methods as in Motivational Interviewing, the BCTs goal setting of behaviour, and receiving feedback on the outcome of behaviour, explained all of the between study variations in effects at long term. There are similarities, but also differences in effective BCTs promoting change in healthy eating and physical activity and BCTs supporting maintenance of change. The results support the use of goal setting and self-monitoring of behaviour when counselling overweight and obese adults. Several other BCTs as well as the use of a person-centred and autonomy supportive counselling approach seem important in order to maintain behaviour over time. PROSPERO CRD42015020624

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  • Previously, both group behavioral interventions and telephone counseling have been demonstrated to be effective in increasing physical activity participation.

    “Previously, both group behavioral interventions and telephone counseling have been demonstrated to be effective in increasing physical activity participation [14,95,96].”

    From Consumer-based wearable activity trackers increase physical activity participation: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [95]

    The Discussion (no page provided) says that effective physical activity interventions can be delivered by a range of providers, but it also reports no evidence that delivery mode was associated with intervention effects. It does not establish that group behavioral interventions and telephone counseling each increased physical activity participation; a telephone-delivered trial and a group-based program appear in the References, without findings reported for either mode. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Samdal, G. B., Eide, G. E., Barth, T., Williams, G., & Meland, E.
Affiliations
  • University of Bergen (NO)
  • Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Samdal, Gro Beate
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-03-28
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
42-42
ISSN
1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12966-017-0494-y
PMC
PMC5370453
OpenAlex
W2598772200
Cited by
788
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 61 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 7
FWCI
6.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
The Research counsil of Norway
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
behaviour change techniques, physical activity, healthy eating, overweight, obesity, adults, goal setting, self-monitoring, motivational interviewing, autonomy support, client-centered therapy, step counter, maintenance of behaviour change, intervention heterogeneity, reporting bias, environmental cues, long-term effects, short-term effects, intervention characteristics
MeSH terms
Diet, Healthy, Adult, Behavior Therapy, Feedback, Feeding Behavior, Health Promotion, Humans, Motivation, Obesity, Health Behavior, Exercise, Overweight

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