The DOI matches its Crossref record; 221 of the 221 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia
Open accessAbstract
This article reviews research and interventions that have grown up around a model of psychological well-being generated more than two decades ago to address neglected aspects of positive functioning such as purposeful engagement in life, realization of personal talents and capacities, and enlightened self-knowledge. The conceptual origins of this formulation are revisited and scientific products emerging from 6 thematic areas are examined: (1) how well-being changes across adult development and later life; (2) what are the personality correlates of well-being; (3) how well-being is linked with experiences in family life; (4) how well-being relates to work and other community activities; (5) what are the connections between well-being and health, including biological risk factors, and (6) via clinical and intervention studies, how psychological well-being can be promoted for ever-greater segments of society. Together, these topics illustrate flourishing interest across diverse scientific disciplines in understanding adults as striving, meaning-making, proactive organisms who are actively negotiating the challenges of life. A take-home message is that increasing evidence supports the health protective features of psychological well-being in reducing risk for disease and promoting length of life. A recurrent and increasingly important theme is resilience - the capacity to maintain or regain well-being in the face of adversity. Implications for future research and practice are considered.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“although well-being levels are generally stable in the absence of interventions, there is increasing evidence that the different domains of well-being are malleable and can be effectively increased as a result of interventions (Diener & Ryan, 2009; Diener, Suh, Lucas & Smith, 1999; Ryff, 2014).”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Ryff, 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients with a variety of mental disorders who were judged to have remitted on symptomatic grounds still presented with impairment in psychological well-being compared to healthy control subjects 5,6 .”
From The pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is, in fact, extensive evidence that positive affects and well-being represent protective factors for health and increase resistance to stressful life situations 6,32,[36][37][38] .”
From The pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These PPs (Well-being Therapy; Quality of Life therapy; Positive Psychotherapy, and Strengths based Counseling) are based on the hypothesis that it is possible to treat depression not only by focusing on decreasing the negative symptoms, but also by directly and primarily building positive emotions and promoting psychological strengths and a meaningful life [27, 31].”
From Protocol for a randomized controlled dismantling study of an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Exploring the contribution of behavioral activation and positive psychotherapy strategies (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“An increasing number of randomized controlled trials show that purpose in life can be raised.”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A growing body of findings from longitudinal epidemiological studies show that purpose predicts reduced morbidity (e.g., reduced risk of Alzheimer ' s disease and mild cognitive impairment, as well as reduced risk of stroke and myocardial infarction) and extended longevity (10, 16 -21).”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Ryff (10) reviewed over a dozen psychiatric intervention studies that have used various techniques (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, meditation, emotional disclosure) to enhance facets of psychological well-being.”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“although well-being levels are generally stable in the absence of interventions, there is increasing evidence that the different domains of well-being are malleable and can be effectively increased as a result of interventions (Diener & Ryan, 2009; Diener, Suh, Lucas & Smith, 1999; Ryff, 2014).”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Ryff, 2014
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several promising interventions have shown that purpose, along with other facets of psychological well-being, can be improved for greater segments of the population (10, 51).”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The links between higher purpose and enhanced physical, biological, and neural health suggest that the benefits of purpose are broad, impacting several areas of the body and mind that are relevant to health [see Ryff (10) and Roepke, et al. (20) for recent reviews on this topic].”
From Purpose in life and use of preventive health care services (2014) · cites this paper as Ryff (10)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The conviction that one is the author of one’s own actions is often cited as a feature of psychological well-being [72–74].”
From Five studies evaluating the impact on mental health and mood of recalling, reading, and discussing fiction (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“Higher levels of psychological well-being are associated with better physical health [15] and buffer against future disorders [16, 65], suggesting that people with higher levels are potentially more resilient [66, 67].”
From Can We Increase Psychological Well-Being? The Effects of Interventions on Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
Self-citationDiener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,609
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929
On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567
The structure of psychological well-being revisited.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719 · Cited by 10,285
Self-citationФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Р., Н. М., & Ю., Б. С. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,969
Maslow, A. H. (1962) · Rowman & Littlefield Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1037/10793-000 · Cited by 7,256
The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,925
Rogers, C. R. (1961) · Cited by 4,342
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 10.1037%2F%2F0022-3514.57.6.1069 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037%2F%2F0033-2909.95.3.542 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.9.2.195 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.6.2.286 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.11.2.362 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.12.2.288 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.14.2.206 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0882-7974.8.3.327 · DOI
- 10.1037%2F0012-1649.35.3.760 · DOI
- 10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.161.10.1872 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,004 of 1,004
Burke, J., Clarke, D., O’Keeffe, J., & Meehan, T. (2023) · Journal of Happiness and Health · doi:10.47602/johah.v3i2.48 · Cited by 9
Mira, A., Díaz-García, A., Castilla, D., Campos, D., Romero, S., Bretón-López, J., García-Palacios, A., Baños, R., & Botella, C. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2099-2 · Cited by 9
Vara, M. D., Mira, A., Miragall, M., García-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Gili, M., Riera-Serra, P., García-Campayo, J., Mayoral-Cleries, F., & Baños, R. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218094 · Cited by 7
ACT with Pain : measurement, efficacy and mechanisms of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy
Trompetter, H. (2014) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036537087 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Ryff, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ryff, Carol D.
- ORCID
- Ryff, Carol D.
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2013-11-19
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-28
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- PMC
- PMC4241300
- OpenAlex
- W2077192309
- Cited by
- 2,976
- References
- 221
- Citations by year
- 2026: 313 · 2025: 332 · 2024: 336 · 2023: 340 · 2022: 342 · 2021: 297 · 2020: 317 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 136 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 8.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R37AG027343, P01AG020166)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- psychological well-being, eudaimonia, meaning-making, resilience, adult development, family life, biological risk factors, well-being promotion, intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aging, Mental Disorders, Family, Health Status, Humans, Human Development, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Personality, Philosophy, Psychological Theory, Self Concept, Workload, Personal Autonomy, Biomedical Research, Resilience, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
