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Relationship between Seismocardiogram and Echocardiogram for Events in the Cardiac Cycle
Abstract
Seismocardiography (SCG) is a noninvasive method to record ultralow-frequency cardiac vibrations from the chest wall using an accelerometer. This research evaluated the relationship between SCG and echocardiography (Echo); 39 subjects had simultaneous SCG and Echo, 28 were normals and 11 had dilated cardiomyopathy. Ten SCG points were compared with their corresponding systolic and diastolic Echo points. The mean absolute difference between SCG and Echo for 5 systolic points was 7.6 ms and 6.8 ms for the 5 diastolic points. Two SCG systolic points showed increased divergence from the Echo points in subjects with cardiomyopathy. Both methods showed approximately equal ability to distinguish longer cardiac time intervals among abnormals compared with normals. Intrasubject variability was lower in the SCG than Echo. The consistency between SCG and Echo points indicates that they are equally accurate in measuring cardiac time intervals.
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“the AC is near the beginning of the first major minima of the second heart sound.”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“This result agrees with previous literature. [38,39]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“the AO clearly corresponds to the first major peak of the first heart sound”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review of Recent Advances
Inan, O. T., Migeotte, P.-F., Park, K.-S., Etemadi, M., Tavakolian, K., Casanella, R., Zanetti, J., Tank, J., Funtova, I., Prisk, G. K., et al. (2015) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2361732 · Cited by 775
“Significant features of the SCG waveform were identified and associated with key events in the cardiac cycle [17].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRecent Advances in Seismocardiography
Taebi, A., Solar, B. E., Bomar, A. J., Sandler, R. H., & Mansy, H. A. (2019) · Vibration · doi:10.3390/vibration2010005 · Cited by 278
“The characteristics of these signals are likely to contain useful information that correlate with cardiovascular physiologic [14] and pathologic processes [15].”
BackgroundContactless seismocardiography via deep learning radars
Ha, U., Assana, S., & Adib, F. (2020) · ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) · doi:10.1145/3372224.3419982 · Cited by 203
Di Rienzo, M., Vaini, E., Castiglioni, P., Merati, G., Meriggi, P., Parati, G., Faini, A., & Rizzo, F. (2013) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.04.005 · Cited by 163
“This annotation was proposed by Crow and colleagues (Crow et al., 1994) as result of a direct comparison of SCG displacements with echocardiographic images, where ATC = atrial contraction; MC = closure of mitral valve; AO = opening of aortic valve; MA = point of maximal blood acceleration in the…”
Seismocardiography: Past, present and future
Zanetti, J. M., & Tavakolian, K. (2013) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611170 · Cited by 152
Definition of Fiducial Points in the Normal Seismocardiogram
Sørensen, K., Schmidt, S. E., Jensen, A. S., Søgaard, P., & Struijk, J. J. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33675-6 · Cited by 111
Etemadi, M., Inan, O. T., Heller, J. A., Hersek, S., Klein, L., & Roy, S. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2015.2405480 · Cited by 95
“S EISMOCARDIOGRAPHY is a non-invasive technique based on measuring the micro-vibrations of the chest wall for assessing left ventricular function [1]–[4], systolic and diastolic time intervals [5]–[7], and cardio-respiratory interactions [8].”
Automatic Annotation of Seismocardiogram With High-Frequency Precordial Accelerations
Khosrow-Khavar, F., Tavakolian, K., Blaber, A. P., Zanetti, J. M., Fazel-Rezai, R., & Menon, C. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2360156 · Cited by 91
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A Cardiac Early Warning System with Multi Channel SCG and ECG Monitoring for Mobile Health
Sahoo, P., Thakkar, H., & Lee, M.-Y. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17040711 · Cited by 81
“Moreover, a set of nine inflection points, i.e., AS, MC, AO, RE, AC, MO, RF, IM, IC are also observed in Seismocardiography indicating various unique cardiac mechanical activities [16,17].”
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D’Mello, Y., Skoric, J., Xu, S., Roche, P. J. R., Lortie, M. A., Gagnon, S., & Plant, D. V. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19163472 · Cited by 84
“Fiducial features of the SCG and GCG waveforms have been found to correlate with the timing of known cardiac events [24,25].”
BackgroundRai, D., Thakkar, H. K., Rajput, S. S., Santamaría, J., Bhatt, C., & Roca, F. (2021) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9182243 · Cited by 74
“In 1994, the combination of SCG and ECHO was also evaluated [22], and the low-frequency cardiac vibrations became a promising niche of research.”
BackgroundGyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications
Sieciński, S., Kostka, P., & Tkacz, E. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20226675 · Cited by 73
“The characteristics of cardiac vibrations reflect physiologic [40] and pathologic processes [93].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCan We Obtain Fine-grained Heartbeat Waveform via Contact-free RF-sensing?
Zhang, S., Zheng, T., Chen, Z., & Luo, J. (2022) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infocom48880.2022.9796905 · Cited by 73
Systolic Time Intervals and New Measurement Methods
Tavakolian, K. (2016) · Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13239-016-0262-1 · Cited by 69
Automatic Identification of Systolic Time Intervals in Seismocardiogram
Shafiq, G., Tatinati, S., Ang, W. T., & Veluvolu, K. C. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep37524 · Cited by 69
Automatic Detection of Aortic Valve Opening Using Seismocardiography in Healthy Individuals
Choudhary, T., Sharma, L. N., & Bhuyan, M. K. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2018.2829608 · Cited by 67
“The first medical use of SCG was tried by Salerno and Zanetti [4], whereas Crow annotated it with the help of echocardiography [5].”
MethodLin, W.-Y., Tsai, T.-H., Lee, M.-Y., Chou, W.-C., Chang, P.-C., Chou, C.-C., Wen, M.-S., Ho, M.-Y., Lee, W.-C., Hsieh, M.-J., et al. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2016.2620496 · Cited by 62
“3, the nine feature points identified previously by Crow [8], including MC, IM, AO, IC, AC, MO, RE, peak of RF, and peak of AS can be identified in the SCG traces acquired at the conventional tricuspid valve site.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA wearable system for the seismocardiogram assessment in daily life conditions
Rienzo, M. D., Meriggi, P., Rizzo, F., Vaini, E., Faini, A., Merati, G., Parati, G., & Castiglioni, P. (2011) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091058 · Cited by 61
Andreozzi, E., Gargiulo, G. D., Esposito, D., & Bifulco, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.725716 · Cited by 57
“The performances of gyroscopes have also been evaluated in combination with triaxial accelerometers (Yang et al., 2017; Yang and Tavassolian, 2018b; D’Mello et al., 2019; Shandhi et al., 2019).”
MethodVogt, E., MacQuarrie, D. S., & Neary, J. P. (2012) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2012.01150.x · Cited by 55
“SCG is able to provide a view of the mechanical function of the heart through the summation of forces generated by each cardiac event (Crow et al., 1994).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEstimation of hemodynamic parameters from seismocardiogram
Tavakolian, K., Blaber, A. P., Ngai, B., & Kamińska, B. (2010) · Computing in cardiology · Cited by 59
Analyzing Seismocardiogram Cycles to Identify the Respiratory Phases
Zakeri, V., Akhbardeh, A., Alamdari, N., Fazel-Rezai, R., Paukkunen, M., & Tavakolian, K. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2016.2621037 · Cited by 55
“were equally accurate in measuring STI [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialEnabling the assessment of trauma-induced hemorrhage via smart wearable systems
Zia, J. S., Kimball, J. P., Rolfes, C., Hahn, J., & Inan, O. T. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb1708 · Cited by 51
“Prior work has used SCG, which has been deployed on numerous wearable systems (6, 7), to estimate preejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), two important fea tures of cardiomechanical function (8).”
MethodBalali, P., Rabineau, J., Hossein, A., Tordeur, C., Debeir, O., & van de Borne, P. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22239565 · Cited by 49
“During various phases of the cardiac cycle, the variations in cardiac contraction forces result in several peaks and valleys in the SCG signal, corresponding to distinct cardiovascular events, referred to as fiducial points [11].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialForcecardiography: A Novel Technique to Measure Heart Mechanical Vibrations onto the Chest Wall
Andreozzi, E., Fratini, A., Esposito, D., Naik, G. R., Polley, C., Gargiulo, G. D., & Bifulco, P. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20143885 · Cited by 50
“Hence, it is possible to estimate time intervals and velocities of physiological relevance, which give important insights into the mechanics of the beating heart (such as left ventricular ejection time, rapid diastolic filling time, isovolumic contraction and relaxation times [9,10], left ventricular lateral wall and…”
BackgroundWick, C. A., Su, J.-J., McClellan, J. H., Brand, O., Bhatti, P. T., Buice, A. L., Stillman, A. E., Tang, X., & Tridandapani, S. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2012.2198071 · Cited by 48
A Unified Framework for Quality Indexing and Classification of Seismocardiogram Signals
Zia, J., Kimball, J., Hersek, S., Shandhi, M. M. H., Semiz, B., & Inan, O. T. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2019.2931348 · Cited by 48
“The contraction of heart musculature and subsequent blood flow yields signal features that correlate strongly with hemodynamic indicators such as pre-ejection period (PEP) [2], [3].”
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Rienzo, M. D., Rizzo, F., Isilay, Z. M., & Lombardi, P. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20030680 · Cited by 44
“One of them is the seismocardiogram (SCG); this is the measure of minute thorax accelerations produced by the beating heart and can be simply detected by placing an accelerometer on the chest surface [2].”
BackgroundECG-Free Heartbeat Detection in Seismocardiography Signals via Template Matching
Centracchio, J., Parlato, S. J., Esposito, D., Bifulco, P., & Andreozzi, E. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23104684 · Cited by 44
Advancements in wearable heart sounds devices for the monitoring of cardiovascular diseases
Ahmad, R. U. S., Khan, M. S., Hilal, M. E., Khan, B., Zhang, Y., & Khoo, B. L. (2024) · SmartMat · doi:10.1002/smm2.1311 · Cited by 43
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“With the six newly identified feature points in the multi-channel MCG spectrum reported in [8] and the other feature points (FPs) which were identified and reported previously in [5], the time sequencing of these 15 feature points identified in the multi-channel MCGs/ECG data, along with the Q, R, and S points in the…”
BackgroundTowards Automatic and Fast Annotation of Seismocardiogram Signals Using Machine Learning
Thakkar, H. K., & Sahoo, P. K. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2951068 · Cited by 41
“As reported in [21], SCG peaks are separated by a certain number of Upslopes and Downslopes.”
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“A study reported that the time delay between SCG AO peak and AC peak consistently corresponds to LVET as measured using an echocardiogram [43]; thus, both PEP and LVET can be extracted from the SCG.”
Reducing the Impact of External Vibrations on Fiducial Point Detection in Seismocardiogram Signals
Lin, D. J., Kimball, J. P., Zia, J. S., Ganti, V. G., & Inan, O. T. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3090376 · Cited by 39
Beat-to-beat heart rate detection by smartphone's accelerometers: Validation with ECG
Landreani, F., Martín-Yebra, A., Casellato, C., Frigo, C., Pavan, E. E., Migeotte, P., & Caiani, E. G. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590755 · Cited by 38
Grouping similar seismocardiographic signals using respiratory information
Taebi, A., & Mansy, H. A. (2017) · IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium · doi:10.1109/spmb.2017.8257053 · Cited by 39
Rienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., & Lombardi, P. (2018) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2018.02.034 · Cited by 38
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Rienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., & Lombardi, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15829-0 · Cited by 37
Monitoring of respiration, seismocardiogram and heart sounds by a PVDF piezo film sensor
Bifulco, P., Gargiulo, G. D., D’Angelo, G., et al. (2014) · Cited by 36
Simplified detection of myocardial ischemia by seismocardiography
Becker, M., Roehl, A. B., Siekmann, U., Koch, A., de la Fuente, M., Roissant, R., Radermacher, K., Marx, N., & Hein, M. (2013) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-013-3851-x · Cited by 35
Comparative analysis of three different modalities for characterization of the seismocardiogram
Akhbardeh, A., Tavakolian, K., Gurev, V., et al. (2009) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5334444 · Cited by 35
Smartphone accelerometers for the detection of heart rate
Landreani, F., & Caiani, E. G. (2017) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2017.1407647 · Cited by 34
A Novel Method for Aortic Valve Opening Phase Detection Using SCG Signal
Choudhary, T., Bhuyan, M. K., & Sharma, L. N. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2944235 · Cited by 34
“The annotations of SCG signal with the help of echocardiography is given in [4].”
MethodCentracchio, J., Andreozzi, E., Esposito, D., Gargiulo, G. D., & Bifulco, P. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9030089 · Cited by 34
Jerosch‐Herold, M., Zanetti, J. M., Merkle, H., Poliac, L. C., Huang, H., Mansoor, A., Zhao, F., & Wilke, N. M. (1999) · International journal of cardiac imaging · doi:10.1023/a:1006364518204 · Cited by 33
“SCG studies in normal volunteers and patients have demonstrated a consistent relationship between points on the SCG trace and cardiac events recorded simultaneously on 2-D and M-mode echocardiograms [7].”
BackgroundRienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., Castiglioni, P., Meriggi, P., & Rizzo, F. (2013) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611173 · Cited by 33
A Clinical Method for Estimation of VO2max Using Seismocardiography
Sørensen, K., Poulsen, M. K., Karbing, D. S., Søgaard, P., Struijk, J. J., & Schmidt, S. E. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1144-3369 · Cited by 31
“Thus, based on the SCG signal cardiac timing intervals can be derived [16, 17].”
BackgroundPrecordial acceleration signals improve the performance of diastolic timed vibrations
Tavakolian, K., Khosrow-Khavar, F., Kajbafzadeh, B., Marzencki, M., Blaber, A. P., Kamińska, B., & Menon, C. (2013) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.12.001 · Cited by 28
Paukkunen, M., Parkkila, P., Hurnanen, T., et al. (2015) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2015.2391437 · Cited by 28
“D seismocardiograms was based on the annotation scheme proposed by Crow et al. (1994).”
BackgroundMethodMultichannel seismocardiography: an imaging modality for investigating heart vibrations
Munck, K., Sørensen, K., Struijk, J. J., & Schmidt, S. E. (2020) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/abc0b7 · Cited by 27
Moving toward automatic and standalone delineation of seismocardiogram signal
Khosrow-Khavar, F., Tavakolian, K., & Menon, C. (2015) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7320044 · Cited by 27
Parlato, S. J., Centracchio, J., Esposito, D., Bifulco, P., & Andreozzi, E. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23198114 · Cited by 27
Infrasonic cardiac signals: Complementary windows to cardiovascular dynamics
Tavakolian, K., Ngai, B., Blaber, A. P., & Kamińska, B. (2011) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091061 · Cited by 25
“This makes them suitable for measurement of systolic time intervals [13, 14] and diastolic time intervals [15] that are of value to noninvasive cardiology.”
BackgroundCuffless and Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Using a Single Chest-Worn Device
Park, J., Yang, S.-M., Sohn, J., Lee, J., Lee, S., Ku, Y., & Kim, H. C. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2942184 · Cited by 25
“Previous works have shown that a particular feature point of the SCG waveform coincides with the opening of the aortic valve according to simultaneous observation by an echocardiogram [24], [30], and features derived from SCG have been validated for estimating cardiac ejection [24], [25].”
BackgroundComparative analysis of seismocardiogram waves with the ultra-low frequency ballistocardiogram
Ngai, B., Tavakolian, K., Akhbardeh, A., Blaber, A. P., Kamińska, B., & Noordergraaf, A. (2009) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5333649 · Cited by 25
“A cycle of ECG (top) and SCG (bottom) recorded in our lab and annotated as proposed by the Salerno group [14].”
MethodAssantachai, P., Chatthanawaree, W., Thamlikitkul, V., Praditsuwan, R., & Pisalsarakij, D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Heartbeat Detection in Gyrocardiography Signals without Concurrent ECG Tracings
Parlato, S. J., Centracchio, J., Esposito, D., Bifulco, P., & Andreozzi, E. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23136200 · Cited by 23
Isilay, Z. M., Racca, V., Pezzano, A., Tavanelli, M., & Rienzo, M. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.825918 · Cited by 22
“Actually, since the first paper proposing the SCG (at that time termed precordial ballistocardiogram) (Mounsey, 1957), it has been observed that altered SCG waves may occur in patients suffering from different heart diseases, with many subsequent confirmations (Salerno and Zanetti, 1990; Wilson et al., 1993; Crow et a…”
BackgroundUse of seismocardiogram for the beat-to-beat assessment of the Pulse Transit Time: A pilot study
Rienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., & Lombardi, P. (2015) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7320049 · Cited by 22
“The correspondence between the specific SCG displacements and cardiac events has been previously verified by concomitant ultrasound measures [7, 8, 9].”
Accurate and consistent automatic seismocardiogram annotation without concurrent ECG
Laurin, A., Khosrow-Khavar, F., Blaber, A. P., & Tavakolian, K. (2016) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/37/9/1588 · Cited by 22
Yao, J., Tridandapani, S., Wick, C. A., & Bhatti, P. T. (2017) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2017.2708100 · Cited by 22
“Further comparison between SCG and echocardiography [24], [28]–[30] suggested that SCG can reliably capture cardiac motion and therefore potentially be a supplement to ECG in CTA gating (Fig.”
BackgroundMethodAutocorrelated Differential Algorithm for Real-Time Seismocardiography Analysis
D’Mello, Y., Skoric, J., Xu, S., Akhras, M., Roche, P. J. R., Lortie, M. A., Gagnon, S., & Plant, D. V. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2903449 · Cited by 22
“The annotations indicate inflection points in the morphology of the waveform corresponding to specific events in a regular cardiac cycle [19].”
BackgroundSystolic and diastolic cardiac function time intervals and exercise capacity in women
Libonati, J. R., Colby, A. M., Caldwell, T. M., KASPARIAN, R., & GLASSBERG, H. L. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199902000-00009 · Cited by 22
Investigating the estimation of cardiac time intervals using gyrocardiography
Dehkordi, P., Tavakolian, K., Tadi, M. J., et al. (2020) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ab87b2 · Cited by 21
“It was proposed that the characteristic points of MC, AO, AC and MO labelled on SCG would coincide with mitral valve closure, aortic valve opening, aortic valve closure and mitral valve opening, respectively Crow et al (1994).”
BackgroundSimple Heart Rate Monitoring System with a MEMS Gyroscope for Sleep Studies
Hernandez, J. E., & Cretu, E. (2018) · IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON) · doi:10.1109/iemcon.2018.8614753 · Cited by 21
“In a similar attempt to that of [11], the waveforms from the gyroscope’s signal were related to specific phases in the cardiac cycle using well stablished tools such as echocardiography, ECG, and impedance cardiogram [31], [32].”
MethodReal-Time Seismocardiogram Feature Extraction Using Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Models
Lin, D. J., Gazi, A. H., Kimball, J. P., Nikbakht, M. R., & Inan, O. T. (2023) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3273989 · Cited by 20
Chuo, Y., Tavakolian, K., & Kamińska, B. (2009) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-009-9380-8 · Cited by 20
“In all cases of cardiac vibration studies, interpretation of the vibration signals is difficult without analyzing it together with cardiac potential (electrocardiography, ECG) recorded synchronously [4, 5].”
BackgroundRienzo, M. D., Avolio, A., Rizzo, G., Zeybek, Z. M. I., & Cucugliato, L. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3101976 · Cited by 21
Detecting Coronary Artery Disease Using Rest Seismocardiography and Gyrocardiography
Dehkordi, P., Bauer, E. P., Tavakolian, K., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.758727 · Cited by 19
“suggested that the fiducial points of the dorsoventral SCG were associated with aortic and mitral valve opening and closure events (Crow et al., 1994) which were further investigated in a recent study (Dehkordi et al.”
ResultAn Adaptive Feature Extraction Algorithm for Classification of Seismocardiographic Signals
Taebi, A., Solar, B. E., & Mansy, H. A. (2018) · IEEE SoutheastCon · doi:10.1109/secon.2018.8478958 · Cited by 18
“SCG1 contains important physiological events such as aortic valve opening, mitral valve closure, isovolumic contraction, and rapid ejection [31], [32].”
BackgroundChanges in Forcecardiography Heartbeat Morphology Induced by Cardio-Respiratory Interactions
Centracchio, J., Esposito, D., Gargiulo, G. D., & Andreozzi, E. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22239339 · Cited by 18
“Ac ording to [48], the AO and AC markers were locat d on the dHF-FCG signal by taking advantage of a simult neous ECG recording.”
MethodA textile-based wearable system for the prolonged assessment of cardiac mechanics in daily life
Rienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., Castiglioni, P., Lombardi, P., Meriggi, P., & Rizzo, F. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6945213 · Cited by 18
Exercise training improves left ventricular isovolumic relaxation
Libonati, J. R. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200008000-00007 · Cited by 18
Respiratory Modulation of Sternal Motion in the Context of Seismocardiography
Skoric, J., D’Mello, Y., Aboulezz, E., Hakim, S., Clairmonte, N., Lortie, M. A., & Plant, D. V. (2022) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3173205 · Cited by 18
“intervals such as the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves [22], [23].”
BackgroundA Wavelet-Based Approach for Motion Artifact Reduction in Ambulatory Seismocardiography
Skoric, J., D’Mello, Y., & Plant, D. V. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2024.3368291 · Cited by 20
“Furthermore, key fiducial points in the SCG waveform have been associated with valve movements [15], [16], enabling the measurement of cardiac time intervals such as left-ventricular ejection time [17], [18], and pre-ejection period [19], [20].”
BackgroundIdentifying Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Using Rest and Exercise Seismocardiography
Dehkordi, P., Bauer, E. P., Tavakolian, K., Zakeri, V., Blaber, A. P., & Khosrow-Khavar, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01211 · Cited by 16
“These fiducial points are suggested to be associated with mitral valve closure (MC), isovolumic contraction (IM), aortic valve opening (AO), aortic valve closure (AC), and mitral valve opening (MO), respectively (Crow et al., 1994).”
BackgroundCuff-Less Blood Pressure Monitoring with a 3-Axis Accelerometer
Chang, E. Y., Wang, S., Cheng, C., Gupta, A., Hsu, P., Hsu, P., Liu, H.-L., Moffitt, A., Ren, A., & Tsaur, I. (2019) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857864 · Cited by 16
Assessment of Mechanical Cardiac Function in Elite Athletes
Neary, J. P. (2011) · The Open Sports Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874387001105010026 · Cited by 16
“(2) for the nomenclature listed here [34].”
MethodInfluentialAutomated Identification of Persistent Time-Domain Features in Seismocardiogram Signals
Zia, J. S., Kimball, J. P., Shandhi, M. M. H., & Inan, O. T. (2019) · IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...) · doi:10.1109/bhi.2019.8834555 · Cited by 17
“Notably, SCG waveform features have been demonstrated to correlate with cardiac cycle events, including aortic valve opening (AO) and closing (AC) [2] [3].”
Comparative analysis of infrasonic cardiac signals
Tavakolian, K., Ngai, B., Akhbardeh, A., Kamińska, B., & Blaber, A. P. (2009) · Computers in Cardiology Conference · Cited by 16
Seismocardiography: Practical implementation and feasibility
Paukkunen, M. (2014) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 14
Hesar, M. E., Seyedsadrkhani, N. S., Khan, D., Naghashian, A., Piekarski, M., Gall, H. J., SCHERMULY, R. T., Ghofrani, H. A., & Ingebrandt, S. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115693 · Cited by 13
Noncontact Multipoint Vital Sign Monitoring With mmWave MIMO Radar
Ren, W., Cao, J., Yi, H., Hou, K., Hu, M., Wang, J., & Qi, F. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2024.3513399 · Cited by 13
“More specifically, surface vibrations generated by different chambers of the heart and lungs exhibit inherent positional specificity, even within the same cardiac or respiratory cycle [4], providing more localized and detailed information about physiological changes.”
Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement Using Smartphone's Built-in Accelerometer
Wang, L., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Ma, X., Dai, H., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., & Gu, T. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3659599 · Cited by 13
Clustering of SCG Events Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Gamage, P. T., Azad, M. K., Taebi, A., Sandler, R. H., & Mansy, H. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36844-9_7 · Cited by 15
Korzeniowska‐Kubacka, I., Kuśmierczyk‐Droszcz, B., Bilińska, M., Dobraszkiewicz-Wasilewska, B., Mazurek, K., & Piotrowicz, R. (2006) · Via Medica Journals · Cited by 12
High accurate detection method for aortic valve opening of seismocardiography signals
Zheng, C., Peng, W., Huang, T., Eldar, Y. C., & Yu, M. (2023) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105484 · Cited by 11
Parlato, S., Centracchio, J., Esposito, D., Bifulco, P., & Andreozzi, E. (2025) · Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13246-025-01531-3 · Cited by 11
Wearable seismocardiography for the beat-to-beat assessment of cardiac intervals during sleep
Rienzo, M. D., Vaini, E., Castiglioni, P., Lombardi, P., Parati, G., Lombardi, C., Meriggi, P., & Rizzo, F. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6945018 · Cited by 11
Using Moving Average Method to Recognize Systole and Diastole on Seismocardiogram without ECG Signal
Luu, L., & Dinh, A. (2018) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513297 · Cited by 11
Effect of Static Respiratory Volume on the Waveform of Cardiac-induced Sternal Vibrations
Skoric, J., D’Mello, Y., Lortie, M. A., Gagnon, S., & Plant, D. V. (2019) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857505 · Cited by 11
Computer-Aided Detection of Fiducial Points in Seismocardiography through Dynamic Time Warping
Chen, C., Lin, W., & Lee, M. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12060374 · Cited by 10
“In 1994, Crow examined trimodal screenshots of simultaneous ECG and SCG signals and echocardiography images to investigate the relationship between SCG and echocardiographic images regarding cardiac events [16].”
BackgroundPostural and longitudinal variability in seismocardiographic signals
Azad, M. K., Gamage, P. T., Dhar, R., Sandler, R. H., & Mansy, H. A. (2023) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/acb30e · Cited by 10
Seismocardiographic Signal Variability During Regular Breathing and Breath Hold in Healthy Adults
Azad, M. K., Gamage, P. T., Sandler, R. H., et al. (2019) · IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium · doi:10.1109/spmb47826.2019.9037852 · Cited by 10
“[3] R.”
Zia, J. S., Kimball, J. P., Rozell, C. J., & Inan, O. T. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3014040 · Cited by 10
“Prior literature has demonstrated a strong relationship between time-domain features of the SCG signal and cardiac time intervals (CTIs), most notably the pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), essential indicators of cardiac preload and contractility [3], [4].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Crow, R. S., Hannan, P., Jacobs, D., Hedquist, L., & Salerno, D. M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Noninvasive Cardiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2017-08-11
- Pages
- 39-46
- ISSN
- 0258-4425 (ISSN-L)
- 2504-2378
- OpenAlex
- W2247575651
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Noninvasive Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- seismocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac cycle timing, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac time intervals, within-person variability, cardiac vibrations
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