Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review of Recent Advances
Open accessAbstract
In the past decade, there has been a resurgence in the field of unobtrusive cardiomechanical assessment, through advancing methods for measuring and interpreting ballistocardiogram (BCG) and seismocardiogram (SCG) signals. Novel instrumentation solutions have enabled BCG and SCG measurement outside of clinical settings, in the home, in the field, and even in microgravity. Customized signal processing algorithms have led to reduced measurement noise, clinically relevant feature extraction, and signal modeling. Finally, human subjects physiology studies have been conducted using these novel instruments and signal processing tools with promising results. This paper reviews the recent advances in these areas of modern BCG and SCG research.
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The z-axis accelerometer data from the chest sensor of a 1-wk-old subject contains clear information on cardiac activity, as a seismocardiogram with prominent peaks induced by Aortic valve opening and Mitral valve opening.
“For example, the z-axis accelerometer data from the chest sensor of a 1-wk-old subject (Top in Fig. 6A) contains clear information on cardiac activity, as a seismocardiogram with prominent peaks induced by Aortic valve opening (black arrow) and Mitral valve opening (gray arrow) (30–32).”
From Miniaturized wireless, skin-integrated sensor networks for quantifying full-body movement behaviors and vital signs in infants (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Conventional accelerometers are uncomfortable to wear and susceptible to the global inertial motion of the body.
“Although SCG can be measured by mounting commercial accelerometers on the human chest,6 the thickness and rigidity of conventional accelerometers make them uncomfortable to wear and susceptible to the global inertial motion of the body.7”
From A Chest‐Laminated Ultrathin and Stretchable E‐Tattoo for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram, Seismocardiogram, and Cardiac Time Intervals (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Another patch that uses seismocardiography techniques has been able to detect congestion on the basis of measurement of chest wall vibration correlating with the movement of the heart in the chest and blood flow.
“Another patch that uses seismocardiography techniques has been able to detect congestion on the basis of measurement of chest wall vibration correlating with the movement of the heart in the chest and blood flow.38”
From Unlocking Tomorrow’s Health Care: Expanding the Clinical Scope of Wearables by Applying Artificial Intelligence (2024) · cites this paper as [38]
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Beischer, D. E., & Hixson, W. C. (1964) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Uncertainty factors in time-interval measurements in ballistocardiography
Gomez-Clapers, J., Serra-Rocamora, A., Casanella, R., et al. (2013) · Instrumentation viewpoint · doi:10.5821/iwp.2013.14.15476 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation3D-ballistocardiography in microgravity: Comparison with ground based recordings
Migeotte, P., Delière, Q., Tank, J., et al. (2013) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611172 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationA low-noise ac-bridge amplifier for ballistocardiogram measurement on an electronic weighing scale
Inan, O. T., & Kovacs, G. T. A. (2010) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/31/7/n02 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationPatch type integrated sensor system for measuring electrical and mechanical cardiac activities
Hyun, E., Noh, S., Yoon, C., et al. (2014) · IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) · doi:10.1109/sas.2014.6798924 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hernandez, A. I., Ziglio, F., Amblard, A., et al. (2013) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611169 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Preliminary results from standing ballistocardiography measurements in microgravity
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Self-citationLuchitskaya, E. S., Delière, Q., Diedrich, A., et al. (2013) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611242 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Comparison of pulse rate variability indices estimated from pressure signal and photoplethysmogram
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Devices in heart failure: potential methods for device-based monitoring of congestive heart failure.
Munir, S. M., Bogaev, R. C., Sobash, E., Shankar, K. J., Gondi, S., Stupin, I. V., Robertson, J., Brewer, M. A., Casscells, S. W., Delgado, R. M., et al. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Physiological insights from gravity-free ballistocardiography
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
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Toward ubiquitous blood pressure monitoring via pulse transit time: Theory and practice
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Self-citationCuffless Blood Pressure Measurement
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In-Ear Audio Wearable: Measurement of Heart and Breathing Rates for Health and Safety Monitoring
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Definition of Fiducial Points in the Normal Seismocardiogram
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“S EISMOCARDIOGRAPHY is a non-invasive technique based on measuring the micro-vibrations of the chest wall for assessing left ventricular function [1]–[4], systolic and diastolic time intervals [5]–[7], and cardio-respiratory interactions [8].”
Self-citationThe role of wearables in heart failure
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A Cardiac Early Warning System with Multi Channel SCG and ECG Monitoring for Mobile Health
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Non-invasive human vital signs monitoring based on twin-core optical fiber sensors
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A Unified Framework for Quality Indexing and Classification of Seismocardiogram Signals
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“Predictive performance was analyzed as a function of the number of template sets (n = [1, 9]) and number of signal segments per prediction (m = [1, 9]).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationA Ballistographic Approach for Continuous and Non-Obtrusive Monitoring of Movement in Neonates
Joshi, R., Bierling, B. L., Long, X., Weijers, J., Feijs, L., Van Pul, C., & Andriessen, P. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2018.2875703 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Self-citationNon-Invasive Wearable Patch Utilizing Seismocardiography for Peri-Operative Use in Surgical Patients
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Self-citationMarvasti, T. B., Gao, Y., Murray, K. R., Hershman, S., McIntosh, C., & Moayedi, Y. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Detecting Aortic Valve-Induced Abnormal Flow with Seismocardiography and Cardiac MRI
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Self-citationA Synthetic Seismocardiogram and Electrocardiogram Generator Phantom
Nikbakht, M., Lin, D. J., Gazi, A. H., & Inan, O. T. (2022) · 2022 IEEE Sensors · doi:10.1109/sensors52175.2022.9967101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Inan, O. T., Migeotte, P.-F., Park, K.-S., Etemadi, M., Tavakolian, K., Casanella, R., Zanetti, J., Tank, J., Funtova, I., Prisk, G. K., & Di Rienzo, M.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1414-1427
- ISSN
- 2168-2194 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-2208
- OpenAlex
- W2148325642
- Cited by
- 775
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 17
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- European Space Agency PRODEX (ILSRA-2009–0729)
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NASA NCC9–58)
- German Space Agency (DLR) (50WB1117)
- Italian Space Agency (ASI 2013–061-I.0, ASI 2013–079-R.0)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques
- Keywords
- ballistocardiography, seismocardiography, seismocardiogram, signal processing algorithms, noise reduction, feature extraction, signal modeling, microgravity
- MeSH terms
- Ballistocardiography, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
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