Prevalence and clinical profile of chronic pain and its association with mental disorders
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of 12-month self-reported pain and chronic pain in a general population and to describe their clinical profile to assess if chronic pain is associated with 12-month mental disorders. METHODS: The data used comes from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, a population-based study assessing adult (≥ 18 years) residents of the São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil. We have assessed the respondents (n = 5,037) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), with a global response rate of 81.3%. Descriptive analyses have been performed, and crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) have been calculated with logistic and multinomial regression and presented with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of pain and chronic pain in the past 12 months were 52.6% (95%CI 50.3-54.8) and 31.0% (95%CI 29.2-32.7), respectively. Joints (16.5%, 95%CI 15.4-17.5) and back or neck (15.5%, 95%CI 14.2-16.9) were the most frequently reported anatomical sites of chronic pain. On a 10-point analogue scale, the mean intensity of the worst pain was 7.7 (95%CI 7.4-7.8), and the mean average pain was 5.5 (95%CI 5.2-5.6); the mean treatment response was 6.3 (95%CI 6.0-6.6). Mean pain duration was 16.1 (95%CI 15.6-17.0) days a month and 132 (95%CI 126-144) minutes a day. Chronic pain was associated with 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders (OR = 2.7, 95%CI 2.3-3.3), anxiety disorders (OR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.9-3.0), and mood disorders (OR = 3.3, 95%CI 2.4-4.1). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of chronic pain in multiple sites is observed among the general adult population, and associations between chronic pain and mental disorders are frequent.
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People with mental illness are at least twice as likely to have chronic pain compared with the general population.
“People with MI are at least twice as likely to have CP versus the general population. 6”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results report an association between chronic pain and 12-month mental disorders (OR 2.7), supporting a strong link. But this is an odds ratio, not evidence that people with mental illness are at least twice as likely to have chronic pain as the general population; the Discussion also describes the comparison in the other direction. The cited passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChronic pain (CP) and mental illness (MI) commonly co-occur.
“Chronic pain (CP) and mental illness (MI) are leading causes of years lived with disability and commonly co-occur.”
From The Effectiveness of Interventions for Improving Chronic Pain Symptoms Among People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Pereira, F. G., França, M. H., Paiva, M. C. A. D., Andrade, L. H., & Viana, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Revista de Saúde Pública
- Published
- 2017-11-24
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 96
- ISSN
- 0034-8910 (ISSN-L)
- 1518-8787
- PMC
- PMC5676726
- OpenAlex
- W2769292281
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Revista de Saúde Pública (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (03/00204-3, 03/00204?)
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01‐MH070884, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016558)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW006481)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- chronic pain, prevalence, mental illness, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, pain intensity, pain duration, joint pain, neck and back pain, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Brazil, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Young Adult, Self Report, Chronic Pain
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