A critical review of the systolic time intervals.
Open accessAbstract
The theoretical basis for the use of the systolic time intervals has been largely established. The method has been validated by direct measures from within the circulatory system. Standards for equipment and technique have been defined. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the value of this quantitative noninvasive technique for assessing left ventricular performance. At present there is need for further studies of the clinical usefulness of the systolic time intervals to improve both diagnosis and therapy of various cardiovascular disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PEP provides insight into myocardial contractility as an increase in contractility results in a sharper increase in left ventricular pressure thereby shortening the PEP.
“PEP provides insight into myocardial contractility as an increase in contractility results in a sharper increase in left ventricular (LV) pressure thereby shortening the PEP.”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bedside technics for the evaluation of ventricular function in man
Weissler, A. M., Harris, W. S., & Schoenfeld, C. D. (1969) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(69)90012-5 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation.
(1975) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-924_2 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Weissler, A. M., Peeler, R. G., & Roehll, W. H. (1961) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(61)90403-3 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Preclinical abnormality of left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus
Ahmed, S. S., Jaferi, G. A., Narang, R. M., & Regan, T. J. (1975) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(75)90039-3 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Harris, W. S., Schoenfeld, C. D., & Weissler, A. M. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105661 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Contractile State of the Left Ventricle in Man
Gault, J. H., Ross, J., & D, E. B. M. (1968) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.22.4.451 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
AHMED, S. S., LEVINSON, G. E., SCHWARTZ, C. J., & ETTINGER, P. O. (1972) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.46.3.559 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Adriamycin Cardiotoxicity in Man
Rinehart, J. J., LEWIS, R. P., & BALCERZAK, S. P. (1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-475 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the pre-ejection period as an estimate of myocardial contractility in dogs
Talley, R. C., Meyer, J. F., & McNay, J. L. (1971) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(71)90435-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Preclinical Cardiac Malfunction in Chronic Alcoholism
Spodick, D. H., Pigott, V. M., & Chirife, R. (1972) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197210052871401 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Left ventricular ejection time index in man
Weissler, A. M., Harris, L. C., & White, G. D. (1963) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1963.18.5.919 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE CONSECUTIVE PHASES OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE
Wiggers, C. J. (1921) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1921.56.3.439 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
True isovolumic contraction time
Metzger, C. C., Chough, C. B., Kroetz, F. W., et al. (1970) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(70)90010-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Effect of Digitalis on Systolic Time Intervals in Heart Failure
Weissler, A. M., & Schoenfeld, C. D. (1970) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-197001000-00002 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Shaver, J. A., Kroetz, F. W., Leonard, J. J., & Paley, H. W. (1968) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105711 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Assay of digitalis glycosides in man
Weissler, A. M., Snyder, J. R., Schoenfeld, C. D., et al. (1966) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(66)90370-5 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on the hemodynamic responses to epinephrine in man
Harris, W. S., Schoenfeld, C. D., Brooks, R. H., & Weissler, A. M. (1966) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(66)90238-4 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Usefulness of systolic time intervals in coronary artery disease
Lewis, R. P., Boudoulas, H. K., Welch, T. G., & Forester, W. F. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90376-3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationPressure-flow studies in man. An evaluation of the duration of the phases of systole
HARLEY, A., Starmer, C. F., & Greenfield, J. C. (1969) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106048 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Conduction and Block in the Right Bundle Branch
Massing, G. K., & James, T. N. (1972) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.1.1 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Noninvasive assessment of clinical response to oral propranolol therapy
Frishman, W. H., Smithen, C. S., Befler, B., et al. (1975) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(75)90049-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Assessing the Severity of Aortic Stenosis by Phonocardiography and External Carotid Pulse Recordings
BONNER, A. J., Sacks, H. N., & Tavel, M. E. (1973) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.48.2.247 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pressure-flow studies in man during atrial fibrillation
Greenfield, J. C., HARLEY, A., Thompson, H., et al. (1968) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105924 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
THE DURATION OF THE SYSTOLE OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF MAN
Lombard, W. P., & Cope, O. M. (1926) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1926.77.2.263 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
CHANGES IN HEART-RATE, BLOOD-PRESSURE, AND DURATION OF SYSTOLE RESULTING FROM BICYCLING
Bowen, W. P. (1904) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1904.11.1.59 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Indirect Assessment of Left Ventricular Performance in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Diamant, B., Killip, T., Seides, S. F., et al. (1970) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.42.4.579 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Short Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period
Parisi, A. F., Hamilton, B. P., THOMAS, C. N., & Mazzaferri, E. L. (1974) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.49.5.900 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Duration of the phases of mechanical systole in infants and children
Harris, L. C., Weissler, A. M., Manske, A. O., et al. (1964) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(64)90028-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Stack, R. S., Lee, C. C., Reddy, B. P., et al. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90280-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Changing views on the mechanism of the first and second heart sounds
Luisada, A. A., MacCanon, D. M., Kumar, S., et al. (1974) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(74)90213-0 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Apex cardiogram and systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction and effects of practolol.
Waagstein, F., Hjalmarson, Å. C., & Wasir, H. S. (1974) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.36.11.1109 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Manolas, J., Rutishauser, W., Wirz, P., et al. (1975) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.37.12.1263 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sawayama, T., 落合, 正., Marumoto, S., MATSUURA, T., & Isao, N. I. K. I. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.40.3.327 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
McDonald, I. G., & Hobson, E. R. (1974) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(74)90205-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade on the Systolic Time Intervals
Hunt, D., Sloman, G., Clark, R. M., et al. (1970) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-197002000-00004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The phases of the cardiac cycle
Luisada, A. A., & MacCanon, D. M. (1972) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(72)90412-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Prolongation of isovolumic contraction time in left bundle branch block
Adolph, R. J., Fowler, N. O., & 田中, 久. (1969) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(69)90509-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Left ventricular ejection time in aortic and mitral valve disease
Moskowitz, R. L., & Wechsler, B. M. (1965) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(65)90383-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Baragan, J., Fernandez-Caamano, F., Sozutek, Y., et al. (1968) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.30.2.196 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pulsus alternans: Physiologic study by noninvasive techniques
Spodick, D. H., & Pierre, J. (1970) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(70)90138-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
On the physical principles and methodology of mechanocardiography.
Kesteloot, H., Willems, J., & van Vollenhoven, E. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Echoventriculography in acute myocardial infarction. II: Monitoring of left ventricular performance.
Nieminen, M. S., & Heikkilä, J. (1976) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.38.3.271 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Diamond, G. A., Forrester, J. S., Chatterjee, K., et al. (1972) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(72)90562-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Left Atrial Transport in Mitral Stenosis
Heidenreich, F. P., Thompson, M. E., Shaver, J. A., et al. (1969) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.40.4.545 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aortic valve closure: Echocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and hemodynamic assessment
Anastassiades, P. C., Quiñones, M. A., Gaasch, W. H., et al. (1976) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(76)80578-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wanderman, K. L., Goldberg, M. J., Stack, R. S., et al. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90794-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Indirect Measurement of Isovolumetric Contraction Time on the Basis of Polygraphic Tracing
Oreshkov, V. I. (2008) · Cardiologia · doi:10.1159/000168399 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Systolic time intervals in constrictive pericarditis and severe primary myocardial disease
Armstrong, T. G., Lewis, B. S., & Gotsman, M. S. (1973) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(73)90520-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
RAMACHANDRAN, S. (1972) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.3.529 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Büyüköztürk, K., Kimbiris, D., & Segal, B. L. (1971) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(71)90368-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fabian, J., Epstein, E. J., Coulshed, N., et al. (1972) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.34.9.882 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ejection time before and after aortic valve replacement
Benchimol, A., & Matsuo, S. (1971) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(71)90297-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Khullar, S., & Lewis, R. P. (1976) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.38.1.43 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE Q‐II INTERVAL. III. A STUDY OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND IN OLD AGE*
Slodki, S. J., Hussain, A. T., & Luisada, A. A. (1969) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb02321.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Computer identification of systolic time intervals
Kyle, M. C., & Freis, E. D. (1970) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(70)90031-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Characteristics of transducers used for recording the apexcardiogram.
Johnson, J. M., Siegel, W., & Blomqvist, G. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.5.796 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Computerized system for noninvasive techniques
Zoneraich, S., Zoneraich, O., & Rodenrys, J. (1974) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(74)90256-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Apex cardiogram and systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infarction.
Jain, S., & Lindahl, J. K. (1971) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.33.4.578 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Value of systolic time intervals in assessing severity of congenital aortic stenosis in children.
Moene, R. J., Mook, G. A., Kruizinga, K., et al. (1975) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.37.11.1113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Systolic time intervals in atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis.
Kligfield, P. (1974) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.36.8.798 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cardiovascular responses to glucagon: Physiologic measurement by external recordings
Byrne, M., Pigott, V. M., & Spodick, D. H. (1972) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(72)90403-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Carotid pulse tracings in hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Carter, W. H., Whalen, R. E., Morris, J. J., et al. (1971) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(71)90263-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Temporal relation of the second heart sound to aortic flow in various conditions
Brough, R. D., & Talley, R. C. (1972) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(72)90065-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Left Ventricular Dynamics in Complete Right Bundle-Branch Block with Left Axis Deviation of QRS
Baragan, J., FERNANDEZ, F., Coblence, B., et al. (1970) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.42.5.797 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treatment of end-stage cardiac failure with dobutamine
Bush, C. A., Webel, J., & Leier, C. V. (1976) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90550-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Atraumatic study of left ventricular events following acute myocardial infarction
Austin, T. W., Ahuja, S. P., & Boughner, D. R. (1972) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(72)90491-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The apex cardiogram in left bundle-branch block.
Santos, D. E., la Paz, A. D., Pietras, R. J., et al. (1969) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.31.6.693 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Text of SB VI, 9629 Reconsidered
Lewis, N. (1973) · Chronique d Egypte · doi:10.1484/j.cde.2.308292 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rittgers SE: Analysis of the external carotid artery pulse wave and its measurement as a noninvasive indication of cardiac function in the sys- tolic time interval. Ohio State University, Mechanical Engineering De- partment. Master's Thesis, 1974
- Silei M: Etude Phonom6canocardiographique des blocs de branche: A propos de 106 observations. Thesis. Imprimerie Bosc Fr6res, Lyon 1969
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Teerlink, J. R., Clarke, C. P., Saikali, K. G., Lee, J. H., Chen, M. M., Escandon, R. D., Elliott, L., Bee, R., Habibzadeh, M. R., Goldman, J. H., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61219-1 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
von Wowern, E., Östling, G., Nilsson, P. M., & Olofsson, P. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135659 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Hassan, S., & Turner, P. (1983) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.59.693.423 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Active information sampling varies across the cardiac cycle
Kunzendorf, S., Klotzsche, F., Akbal, M., Villringer, A., Ohl, S., & Gaebler, M. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13322 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Differential patterns of dynamic cardiovascular regulation as a function of task
Hurwitz, B. E., Nelesen, R. A., Saab, P. G., Nagel, J. H., Spitzer, S. B., Gellman, M. D., McCabe, P. M., Phillips, D. J., & Schneiderman, N. (1993) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(93)90082-j · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, S., Nikbakht, M., Alden, A., Tan, P., Wang, J., Alhalimi, T. A., Kim, S., Wang, P., Tanaka, H., Tandon, A., et al. (2023) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202201284 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Boudoulas, H., Barrington, W., Olson, S. M., Bashore, T. M., & Wooley, C. F. (1985) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(85)90085-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lewis, R. P., Rittogers, S. E., Froester, W. F., & Boudoulas, H.
- ORCID
- Lewis, R P
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1977-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 146-158
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1965634011
- Cited by
- 624
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 22.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Circulation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- systolic time intervals, left ventricular function, noninvasive cardiac assessment, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Aorta, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Atrial Fibrillation, Carotid Artery, External, Coronary Disease, Electrocardiography, Heart Diseases, Heart Failure, Heart Function Tests, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Mitral Valve Stenosis, Myocardial Infarction, Phonocardiography, Pulse, Transducers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review