The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term Use of Nicotine Gum Is Associated With Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance
Abstract
Background Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk profile were examined in 20 healthy, nonobese, middle-aged men who were long-term users of nicotine-containing chewing gum and in 20 matched control subjects who did not use nicotine. Methods and Results Long-term use of nicotine-containing chewing gum was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The degree of insulin sensitivity correlated negatively to the extent of nicotine use measured as plasma cotinine levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that nicotine is the major constituent in cigarette smoke that leads to insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, the use of nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation should be transient and limited.
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“the studies that have looked at this issue suggest that long-term NRT use is safe and any associated health risks are small, 76 certainly compared with continued smoking.77,78”
From Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
Citations
Cites
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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The “Common Soil” Hypothesis
Stern, M. P. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.4.369 · Cited by 739
Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking
Facchini, F. S., Hollenbeck, C. B., Jeppesen, J., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90730-q · Cited by 723
Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and the risk of diabetes in men
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Smoking induces insulin resistance—a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome
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Self-citationLight-to-Moderate Alcohol Intake Is Associated With Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity
Facchini, F., Chen, Y.-D. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.2.115 · Cited by 324
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Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance
Chiolero, A., Faeh, D., Paccaud, F., & Cornuz, J. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.4.801 · Cited by 1,192
Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology and implications for treatment
Benowitz, N. L. (2003) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(03)00087-2 · Cited by 429
Cigarette smoking and diabetes
Eliasson, B. (2003) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1053/pcad.2003.00103 · Cited by 310
Self-citationThe impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications
Śliwińska‐Mossoń, M., & Milnerowicz, H. (2017) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164117701876 · Cited by 269
Smoking and diabetes: dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships
Campagna, D., Alamo, A., Pino, A. D., Russo, C., Calogero, A. E., Purrello, F., & Polosa, R. (2019) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0482-2 · Cited by 246
Metadata
- Authors
- Eliasson, B., Taskinen, M.-R., & Smith, U.
- Affiliations
- the Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go¨teborg, Sweden, and the Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki (M.-R.T.), Finland.
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 878-881
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2065858852
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- nicotine gum, nicotine replacement therapy, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, cotinine, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk, metabolic abnormalities, metabolic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Peptide, Cotinine, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine
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