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Long-term Use of Nicotine Gum Is Associated With Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance
Abstract
Background Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk profile were examined in 20 healthy, nonobese, middle-aged men who were long-term users of nicotine-containing chewing gum and in 20 matched control subjects who did not use nicotine. Methods and Results Long-term use of nicotine-containing chewing gum was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The degree of insulin sensitivity correlated negatively to the extent of nicotine use measured as plasma cotinine levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that nicotine is the major constituent in cigarette smoke that leads to insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, the use of nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation should be transient and limited.
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“the studies that have looked at this issue suggest that long-term NRT use is safe and any associated health risks are small, 76 certainly compared with continued smoking.77,78”
From Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Eliasson, B., Taskinen, M.-R., & Smith, U.
- Affiliations
- the Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go¨teborg, Sweden, and the Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki (M.-R.T.), Finland.
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 878-881
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2065858852
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- nicotine gum, nicotine replacement therapy, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, cotinine, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk, metabolic abnormalities, metabolic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Peptide, Cotinine, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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