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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults 1999–2004
Abstract
Detection of hypertension and blood pressure control are critically important for reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. We analyzed the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States in the period 1999–2004. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 database. Blood pressure information on 14 653 individuals (4749 in 1999–2000, 5032 in 2001–2002, and 4872 in 2003–2004) aged ≥18 years was used. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of hypertension in 2003–2004 was 7.3±0.9%, 32.6±2.0%, and 66.3±1.8% in the 18 to 39, 40 to 59, and ≥60 age groups, respectively. The overall prevalence was 29.3%. When compared with 1999–2000, there were nonsignificant increases in the overall prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates of hypertension. The blood pressure control rate was 29.2±2.3% in 1999–2000 and 36.8±2.3% in 2003–2004. The age-adjusted increase in control rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 2.4 to 13.8%; P =0.006). The control rates increased significantly in both sexes, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Among the ≥60 age group, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension had all increased significantly ( P ≤0.01). The improvement in blood pressure control is encouraging, although the prevalence of hypertension has not declined.
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“Two lower quality studies [405, 406] and five well-done studies [407–411] (13%, including one at a trend level), however, reported higher BP in the more R/S or with religious fasting.”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [405]
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“It is known that the prevalence of hypertension increases with age (49), suggesting that age-related factors play an important role in regulating blood pressure.”
BackgroundRomero, D. G., Plonczynski, M. W., Carvajal, C. A., Gómez-Sánchez, E. P., & Gómez-Sánchez, C. E. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-1686 · Cited by 63
“The prevalence of hypertension in the adult population in the United States is approximately 29% (58).”
Association Between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese
Cheung, B. M. Y., Wat, N. M. S., Tso, A. W. K., Tam, S., Thomas, G. N., Leung, G. M., Tse, H., Woo, J., Janus, E. D., Lau, C., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-0405 · Cited by 62
Self-citationSocial Ecology of Adherence to Hypertension Treatment in Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers
Hall, E., Lee, S., Clark, P. C., & Perilla, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659614524788 · Cited by 63
Antiaging Gene Klotho Regulates Adrenal CYP11B2 Expression and Aldosterone Synthesis
Zhou, X., Chen, K., Wang, Y., Schuman, M. L., Lei, H., & Sun, Z. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2015010093 · Cited by 61
Comorbidities associated with the increasing burden of hepatitis C infection
Basseri, B., Yamini, D., Chee, G. M., Enayati, P. D. P., Tran, T. T., & Poordad, F. F. (2010) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02235.x · Cited by 61
Effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure among overweight and obese adults
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“Obese individuals have a more than three-fold increased likelihood of developing hypertension [2,3], and approximately 70% of the hypertensive adults are overweight or obese [4,5].”
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Comorbidity in adults with traumatic brain injury and all-cause mortality: a systematic review
Xiong, C., Hanafy, S., Chan, V., Hu, Z. J., Sutton, M., Escobar, M. D., Colantonio, A., & Mollayeva, T. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029072 · Cited by 60
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Trends of End-Stage Renal Disease: United States, 1995 to 2005
Burrows, N. R., Li, Y., & Williams, D. E. (2008) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2008.01.002 · Cited by 60
“In the US adult population, the prevalence of hypertension increased but not significantly between 1999 to 2000 and 2003 to 2004.(3) However, among adults aged 60 and older, the prevalence of hypertension increased significantly from 1988 to 2004.”
BackgroundPrevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in elderly Chinese
Sheng, C., Liu, M., Kang, Y., Wei, F., Zhang, L., Li, G.-L., Dong, Q., Huang, Q., Li, Y., & Wang, J. (2013) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2013.57 · Cited by 60
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Cost Sharing and the Initiation of Drug Therapy for the Chronically Ill
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Factors Associated With Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Dallas County, Texas
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“lowing 3 categories of sociocultural factors that have been hypothesizedtodisproportionatelydelayHTNdetectionand treatmentininner-cityblackpopulations:(1)perceivedneed forregularmedicalcheckupsintheabsenceofsymptoms, ( 2 )perceivedracialdiscriminationwhengettingmedicalcare, and (3) lay beliefs about HTN that differ fr…”
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The Menopausal Transition and Cardiovascular Risk
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-75
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2122326747
- Cited by
- 1,395
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 106
- FWCI
- 98.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, temporal trends, age differences, racial and ethnic differences, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Black or African American, Blood Pressure, Female, Goals, Humans, Hypertension, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Prevalence, Mexican Americans, Black People
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