Cited by 1,395Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults 1999–2004

Ong, Kwok Leung, Cheung, Bernard M.Y., Man, Yu Bun, Lau, Chu Pak, Lam, Karen S.L.·2007·Hypertension

DOI 10.1161/01.hyp.0000252676.46043.18

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Abstract

Detection of hypertension and blood pressure control are critically important for reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. We analyzed the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States in the period 1999–2004. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 database. Blood pressure information on 14 653 individuals (4749 in 1999–2000, 5032 in 2001–2002, and 4872 in 2003–2004) aged ≥18 years was used. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of hypertension in 2003–2004 was 7.3±0.9%, 32.6±2.0%, and 66.3±1.8% in the 18 to 39, 40 to 59, and ≥60 age groups, respectively. The overall prevalence was 29.3%. When compared with 1999–2000, there were nonsignificant increases in the overall prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates of hypertension. The blood pressure control rate was 29.2±2.3% in 1999–2000 and 36.8±2.3% in 2003–2004. The age-adjusted increase in control rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 2.4 to 13.8%; P =0.006). The control rates increased significantly in both sexes, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Among the ≥60 age group, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension had all increased significantly ( P ≤0.01). The improvement in blood pressure control is encouraging, although the prevalence of hypertension has not declined.

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“[38] Sub-optimal control rate among all hypertensive patients was 63%,[38] much lower than in our study.”
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Background
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control — Continued Disparities in Adults: United States, 2005-2006
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Two Self-management Interventions to Improve Hypertension Control
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Background
Lifestyle Modification Counseling for Hypertensive Patients: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004
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Combined Therapy With a Calcium Channel Blocker and an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker
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Effect of Fruit Juice on Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials
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“In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, such as heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction [4].”
Background
The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity in a Nationally Representative Sample
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Background
Gender differences in trends in diabetes prevalence from 1993 to 2008 in Taiwan
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Should There Be Sex-Specific Criteria for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure?
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“Nearly 75 % of post-menopausal women in the USA are affected by some degree of essential hypertension [25, 26].”
Background
Hypertension in military veterans is associated with combat exposure and combat injury
Howard, J. T., Stewart, I. J., Kolaja, C. A., Sosnov, J. A., Rull, R. P., Torres, I., Janak, J. C., Walker, L. E., Trone, D. W., & Armenta, R. F. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002364 · Cited by 43
Weight Management Among Patients at Community Health Centers: The “Be Fit, Be Well” Study
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Rostafuroxin: An ouabain-inhibitor counteracting specific forms of hypertension
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Background
Genome-wide study of resistant hypertension identified from electronic health records
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Efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine plus olmesartan medoxomil in patients with difficult-to-treat hypertension
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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among People Over 40 Years Old in a Rural Area of South Korea: The Chungju Metabolic Disease Cohort (CMC) Study
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“Although the awareness and control of hypertension have increased, only 37% of hypertensive patients in the United States achieve the conservative goal of (cid:1) 140/90 mmHg (Ong et al 2007).”
Influential
A High-Density Admixture Scan in 1,670 African Americans with Hypertension
Deo, R. C., Patterson, N. J., Tandon, A., McDonald, G. J., Haiman, C. A., Ardlie, K., Henderson, B. E., Henderson, S. O., & Reich, D. (2007) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030196 · Cited by 41
“5-fold higher than Mexican Americans) in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003–2004 [2].”
Background

Authors: Ong, K. L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Man, Y. B., Lau, C. P., & Lam, K. S. L.
Affiliations: University of Hong Kong (HK)
ORCID: Ong, Kwok Leung
Cheung, Bernard M.Y.
Lau, Chu Pak
Lam, Karen S.L.
Venue: Hypertension
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2007-01
Volume: 49
Issue: 1
Pages: 69-75
ISSN: 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
1524-4563
DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000252676.46043.18
OpenAlex: W2122326747
Cited by: 1,395
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 106
FWCI: 98.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords: hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, temporal trends, age differences, racial and ethnic differences, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aging, Black or African American, Blood Pressure, Female, Goals, Humans, Hypertension, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Prevalence, Mexican Americans, Black People

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults 1999–2004

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