High stress responsivity predicts later blood pressure only in combination with positive family history and high life stress
Abstract
Abstract —High cardiovascular responsivity to stressors has not consistently improved prediction of later blood pressure increases beyond the predictive effects of baseline pressure. Animal models suggest that genetic susceptibility to hypertension and frequent stress exposure are important modulating factors in stress-related hypertension. Thus in 103 men originally tested at age 18 to 22 years and reassessed 10 years later, interactive effects of genetic susceptibility (defined as 1 or more hypertensive parents) with high stress responsivity (defined as top 25% on the basis of blood pressure and cardiac responses during both reaction time and cold pressor tasks) were examined in relation to follow-up systolic and diastolic levels and to change in blood pressure status from normal (diastolic<80 mm Hg) to marginally elevated (diastolic 85 to 95 mm Hg). Men with the combination of high stress response and hypertensive parents demonstrated higher systolic ( P <0.05) and diastolic levels ( P <0.05) at follow-up, and they showed a 7-fold increase (7.5, 95% confidence intervals 2.3, 24.3; P <0.001) in relative risk of change in blood pressure status versus men with no family history and a 3-fold increase (3.8, confidence intervals 1.5, 9.6; P <0.004) versus less stress-responsive men who also had hypertensive parents. In 65 men who also provided ratings of daily stress, family history×stress responsivity×daily stress interactions were significant in predicting follow-up systolic and diastolic levels ( P <0.006 and 0.03, respectively), with highest pressure levels seen when high life stress was reported by high stress responders and/or men with hypertensive parents. In conclusion, results suggest that stress responsivity as a long-term predictor is modulated by both genetic and environmental factors.
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An increase in blood pressure is mediated by an increase in cardiac output and/or total peripheral resistance.
“Regardless of its origin, an increase in blood pressure is mediated by an increase in cardiac output and/or TPR (4).”
From A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults (2007) · cites this paper as [4]
Endothelial dysfunction can instigate and enhance the development of hypertension.
“Impairment of vasoactivity may have important implications on cardiovascular function: endothelial dysfunction can instigate and enhance the development of hypertension (4,6,7).”
From A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults (2007) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Light, K. C., Girdler, S. S., Sherwood, A., Bragdon, E. E., Brownley, K. A., West, S. G., & Hinderliter, A. L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1458-1464
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2027585959
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl031533-15, 5r01hl018976-14)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 18976, HL 31533)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00046, M01RR000046)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- stress responsivity, blood pressure, family history of hypertension, genetic susceptibility, life events, cold pressor test, reaction time task, hypertension risk prediction, gene-environment interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Diastole, Family, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Stress, Psychological, Systole, Time Factors, Confidence Intervals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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