The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MicroRNA-23 Restricts Cardiac Valve Formation by Inhibiting Has2 and Extracellular Hyaluronic Acid Production
Open accessAbstract
Rationale: Since their discovery almost 20 years ago, microRNAs have been shown to perform essential roles during tissue development and disease. Although roles for microRNAs in the myocardium during embryo development and cardiac disease have been demonstrated, very little is know about their role in the endocardium or during cardiac valve formation. Objective: To study the role of microRNAs in cardiac valve formation. Methods and Results: We show that zebrafish dicer mutant embryos, lacking mature miRNAs, form excessive endocardial cushions. By screening miRNAs expressed in the heart, we found that miR-23 is both necessary and sufficient for restricting the number of endocardial cells that differentiate into endocardial cushion cells. In addition, in mouse endothelial cells, miR-23 inhibited a transforming growth factor-β–induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. By in silico screening of expression data with predicted miR-23 target sites combined with in vivo testing, we identified hyaluronic acid synthase 2 ( Has2) , Icat , and Tmem2 as novel direct targets of miR-23. Finally, we demonstrate that the upregulation of Has2 , an extracellular remodeling enzyme required for endocardial cushion and valve formation, is responsible for the excessive endocardial cushion cell differentiation in dicer mutants. Conclusions: MiR-23 in the embryonic heart is required to restrict endocardial cushion formation by inhibiting Has2 expression and extracellular hyaluronic acid production.
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“miR-23 is involved in regulating the cardiac development in several species such as zebrafish, mice, and chickens.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In zebrafish and mice, miR-23 within the embryonic heart is essential to confine endocardial cushion formation by inhibiting the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (Has2) and extracellular hyaluronic acid production.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [120]
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“Further evidence from chickens and mice has indicated that the over-expression of miR-23 during the early stages of myocardial formation hinders the generation of myocardium in the epicardial/transverse membrane [120,121].”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [120]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lagendijk, A. K., Goumans, M. J., Burkhard, S. B., & Bakkers, J.
- Affiliations
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NL)
- From the Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (A.K.L., S.B.B., J.B.); the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.J.G.); and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.B.).
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 2011-09-02
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 649-657
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- OpenAlex
- W2150369823
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- endocardial cushion, hyaluronic acid, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, zebrafish, miRNA target genes, ICAT, TMEM2, embryonic heart development
- MeSH terms
- Hyaluronan Synthases, Animals, Cell Count, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Heart Valves, Hyaluronic Acid, Glucuronosyltransferase, Zebrafish, Zebrafish Proteins, Animals, Genetically Modified, MicroRNAs, Extracellular Fluid, Mice, Endocardial Cushions
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