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Low Prevalence of “Ideal Cardiovascular Health” in a Community-Based Population: The Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Cardiovascular health is a new construct defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. The applicability of this construct to community-based populations and the distributions of its components by race and sex have not been reported. Methods and Results—: The AHA construct of cardiovascular health and the AHA ideal health behaviors index and ideal health factors index were evaluated among 1933 participants (mean age 59 years; 44% blacks; 66% women) in the community-based Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) study. One of 1933 participants (0.1%) met all 7 components of the AHA's definition of ideal cardiovascular health. Less than 10% of participants met ≥5 components of ideal cardiovascular health in all subgroups (by race, sex, age, and income level). Thirty-nine subjects (2.0%) had all 4 components of the ideal health behaviors index and 27 (1.4%) had all 3 components of the ideal health factors index. Blacks had significantly fewer ideal cardiovascular health components than whites (2.0±1.2 versus 2.6±1.4; P <0.001). After adjustment by sex, age, and income level, blacks had 82% lower odds of having ≥5 components of ideal cardiovascular health (odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.34; P <0.001). No interaction was found between race and sex. Conclusion—: The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is extremely low in a middle-aged community-based study population. Comprehensive individual and population-based interventions must be developed to support the attainment of the AHA′s 2020 Impact Goal for cardiovascular health.
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“Similarly, in 2008 to 2010, Asian women (5.5%) and Hispanic women (9.6%) were less likely to be current cigarette smokers than non-Hispanic black women (17.6%), non-Hispanic white women (20.9%), and American Indian or Alaska Native women (20.7%; NHIS).9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“In this age group, men were more likely than women to be former smokers (54.0% compared with 30.0%) on the basis of age-adjusted estimates (NHIS).9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“In 2008 to 2010, among people ≥65 years of age, 9.4% of men and 9.1% of women were current smokers.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“The percentage of adults reporting at least 150 minutes of moderate PA or 75 minutes of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination weekly decreased with age from 55.8% for adults 18 to 44 years of age to 27.4% for those ≥75 years of age, on the basis of the 2011 NHIS.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“the results showed that 39% of rural versus 32% of urban children had BMI >85th percentile.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“The ORs are modest, ranging from 1.06 to 1.51 per copy of the risk allele (individuals may harbor up to 2 copies of a risk allele).”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Altogether, there are 23 well-replicated loci for MI.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“However, these are common alleles, which suggests that the attributable risk may be substantial.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Data from the BRFSS study of the CDC in 2011 showed that the percentage of adults who had been screened for high blood cholesterol in the preceding 5 years ranged from 66.3% in Utah to 83.7% in Massachusetts. The median percentage among all 50 states was 75.5%.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (both diagnosed and undiagnosed) in 2003 to 2006 was 75% for older women and 65% for older men on the basis of data from NHANES/NCHS.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Approximately half of the 1098 adolescent participants in the Princeton School District Study diagnosed with pediatric Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome lost the diagnosis over 3 years of follow-up.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“A study of the decrease in US deaths attributable to CHD from 1980 to 2000 suggests that ≈47% of the decrease was attributable to increased use of evidence-based medical therapies and 44% to changes in risk factors in the population attributable to lifestyle and environmental changes.9”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“A similar decline was not seen in blacks.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“These changes for whites were driven by a decline in ischemic strokes.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bambs, C., Kip, K. E., Dinga, A., Mulukutla, S. R., Aiyer, A. N., & Reis, S. E.
- Affiliations
- From the School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (C.B.); College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (K.E.K.); and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (A.D., S.R.M., A.N.A., S.E.R.).
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 850-857
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3061396
- OpenAlex
- W2563662165
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 17.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Pennsylvania Department of Health (ME-02-384)
- National Institutes of Health (ME-02-384)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL089292)
- Bioenergy Technologies Office
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- ideal cardiovascular health, cardiovascular health, racial disparities, sex differences, middle-aged adults, community-based population, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- American Heart Association, Black or African American, Coronary Disease, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, United States, Prevalence, Black People, White People
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