Effects of Alcohol Reduction on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
Alcohol drinking has been associated with increased blood pressure in epidemiological studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure. We included 15 randomized control trials (total of 2234 participants) published before June 1999 in which alcohol reduction was the only intervention difference between active and control treatment groups. Using a standard protocol, information on sample size, participant characteristics, study design, intervention methods, duration, and treatment results was abstracted independently by 3 investigators. By means of a fixed-effects model, findings from individual trials were pooled after results for each trial were weighted by the inverse of its variance. Overall, alcohol reduction was associated with a significant reduction in mean (95% confidence interval) systolic and diastolic blood pressures of −3.31 mm Hg (−2.52 to −4.10 mm Hg) and −2.04 mm Hg (−1.49 to −2.58 mm Hg), respectively. A dose-response relationship was observed between mean percentage of alcohol reduction and mean blood pressure reduction. Effects of intervention were enhanced in those with higher baseline blood pressure. Our study suggests that alcohol reduction should be recommended as an important component of lifestyle modification for the prevention and treatment of hypertension among heavy drinkers.
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A previous review more than 15 years earlier found an average systolic blood pressure reduction of −3.31 mm Hg (95% CI −4.10 to −2.52) when alcohol consumption was reduced, without sex-specific results.
“The last review6 of the effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure was done more than 15 years ago and showed an average systolic blood pressure reduction of −3·31 mm Hg (95% CI −4·10 to −2·52) when alcohol consumption was reduced; results were not presented by sex.”
From The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
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“49 They included 15 randomized controlled trials (total of 2234 participants) in which alcohol reduction was the only intervention difference between active and control treatment groups.”
BackgroundResistant or Difficult-to-Control Hypertension
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2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Hypertension in adults
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“A review (Beilin and Puddey 2006) and a meta-analysis (Xin et al. 2001) suggest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure with decreasing alcohol consumption.”
BackgroundTwo Self-management Interventions to Improve Hypertension Control
Bosworth, H. B., Olsen, M. K., Grubber, J. M., Neary, A. M., Orr, M. M., Powers, B. J., Adams, M. B., Svetkey, L. P., Reed, S. D., Li, Y., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0000605-200911170-00148 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
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Harm reduction -a systematic review on effects of alcohol reduction on physical and mental symptoms
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“Further information on inclusion of alcohol-dependent patients, or whether it was tested for alcohol use disorder, respectively, was missed in four studies (Hsieh et al. 1995; Xin et al. 2001; Roerecke & Rehm 2010; Ronksley et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialI Diretriz Brasileira de Prevenção Cardiovascular
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“Bingedrinking is associated with a range of health-related problems including violence (Swahn et al., 2004), drink driving ( Windle, 2003 ), accidental falls (Savola et al., 2005), and unsafe sex (Corbin and Fromme, 2002), and there is also the possibility of developing long-term health problems associated with alcoho…”
BackgroundDietary Approaches to Prevent Hypertension
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Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Health
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Red Wine and Beer Elevate Blood Pressure in Normotensive Men
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Development and Validation of the Hypertension Self-care Profile
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Consumo de bebidas para una vida saludable: recomendaciones para la población mexicana
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ALCOHOL IS BAD FOR BLOOD PRESSURE
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“predicted from a reduction in alcohol intake in the meta-analysis of Xin et al.(12) should translate into an 18% decrease in the incidence of death from stroke and a 12% decrease in the incidence of death”
MethodChiva-Blanch, G., Urpi-Sarda, M., Ros, E., Arranz, S., Valderas-Martínez, P., Casas, R., Sacanella, E., Llorach, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M., Andres-Lacueva, C., et al. (2012) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.112.275636 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
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Trends in Prehypertension and Hypertension Risk Factors in US Adults
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Geographic variations in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in China
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Self-citationGeneralizability of SPRINT Results to the U.S. Adult Population
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“An extension of this finding is the potential effects of alcohol on the normal circadian rhythm of BP.20 This study adds to the meta-analysis of Xin et al.8 Their work examined the effect on BP of a reduction in alcohol intake using randomized clinical trial data, whereas our efforts were directed toward studies that…”
BackgroundInfluentialBeyond salt: lifestyle modifications and blood pressure
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Risk Factors Promoting Hypertensive Crises: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study
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Salt Intake from Processed Meat Products: Benefits, Risks and Evolving Practices
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Hazardous Drinkers and Drug Users in HMO Primary Care: Prevalence, Medical Conditions, and Costs
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- Authors
- Xin, X., He, J., Frontini, M. G., Ogden, L. G., Motsamai, O. I., & Whelton, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (X.X., J.H., O.I.M., P.K.W.) and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Department of Medicine (J.H., P.K.W.), School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, La; and Louisiana State Office of Public Health (M.G.F.), New Orleans.
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1112-1117
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2106224378
- Cited by
- 738
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl060300-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL60300)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption reduction, blood pressure, heavy drinking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, dose-response relationship, lifestyle modification, hypertension prevention, antihypertensive therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Publication Bias
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