Cited by 102Cardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

Pressure-Altering Agents Affect Central Aortic Pressures More Than Is Apparent From Upper Limb Measurements in Hypertensive Patients: The Role of Arterial Wave Reflections

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Vlachopoulos, Charalambos, Hirata, Kozo, O’Rourke, Michael F.·2001·Hypertension

Abstract

The pressure pulse does not have the same amplitude in central and peripheral arteries, but it is amplified toward the periphery; the degree of this amplification depends principally on wave reflection. Despite the conventional clinical and epidemiological focus on peripheral pressures, the most physiologically relevant pressures for both cardiac and vascular effects are central pressures. The reflected wave contributes differently in the configuration of the peripheral and central pressure waveform. Therefore, we hypothesized that agents that alter wave reflections could have an unequal effect on central and peripheral pressures in hypertensive patients. Thus, the effect of caffeine was investigated in 10 hypertensive subjects according to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design. Central aortic pressures and wave reflection were assessed with applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis. After caffeine, augmentation index and augmented pressure increased by 4.6%, (P<0.005) and 5.7 mm Hg (P<0.001), respectively, indicating increased effect of wave reflection from the periphery. The increase in aortic systolic pressure was greater compared with that in radial artery pressure at 30 minutes (25%) and marginally greater at 60 minutes (21%). Furthermore, the increase in aortic pulse pressure was greater at 30 and 60 minutes (34% and 40%, respectively). The intensified reflected wave after caffeine was largely responsible for the disparate effect between central and peripheral pressures by boosting the peak of the central and not of the peripheral waveform. This study shows that pressure-altering agents might affect central pressures more than is apparent from the corresponding upper limb values because of the concomitant changes in wave reflection.

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  1. Nichols WW, O'Rourke MF, eds. McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries. 4th ed London, UK: Edward Arnold; 1998:170 -222, 284 -315, 347-395, 450 -476.
  2. O'Rourke MF, Jiang XJ, Pauca A. Assessment of a system for generating the central aortic pressure waveform and left ventricular systolic pressure from brachial cuff sphygmomanometric pressure plus tonometric radial pressure wave contour. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:320A. Abstract.
  3. Kelly RP, Hayward C, Ganis J, Daley J, Avolio AP, O'Rourke MF. Non-invasive registration of the arterial pressure pulse waveform using high-fidelity applanation tonometry. J Vasc Med Biol. 1989;1:142-149.

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Authors
Vlachopoulos, C., Hirata, K., & O’Rourke, M. F.
Affiliations
UNSW Sydney (AU)
Venue
Hypertension
Published
2001-12
Volume
38
Issue
6
Pages
1456-1460
ISSN
  • 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4563
OpenAlex
W2134892659
Cited by
102
References
25
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
4.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords
central blood pressure, wave reflection, pulse wave analysis, caffeine, augmentation index, applanation tonometry, radial artery pressure, pulse pressure
MeSH terms
Aorta, Blood Pressure, Caffeine, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Radial Artery, Cross-Over Studies

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