Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity and Cognition With Advancing Age
Open accessAbstract
We hypothesized that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, interacts with age such that the magnitude of associations between PWV and cognitive performance are greater with increasing age and that this interaction is observed despite adjustments for demographic variables, mean arterial pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors. PWV was estimated using applanation tonometry in 409 dementia- and stroke-free participants of the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (24 to 92 years of age; 62.3% women). Using linear regression analyses in a cross-sectional design, associations between PWV and age and the interaction of PWV and age were examined in relation to a global composite score, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Similarities test (abstract reasoning), and 4 cognitive domains indexed by multiple cognitive measures. Adjusting for age, gender, education, height, weight, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and antihypertensive treatment, PWV-by-age interactions were obtained for the global, visual-spatial organization and memory, scanning and tracking, and verbal episodic memory composites, as well as similarities. The combination of higher PWV and age resulted in progressively lower cognitive performance. This finding was the same with an extended model, which also included adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and other confounds. PWV interacts with age in a multiplicative way to exert a negative influence on cognitive performance level. Early interventions to prevent an increase in arterial stiffness could possibly play an important role in the preservation of cognitive ability.
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An inverse relationship between pulse wave velocity and cognitive performance was reported cross-sectionally.
“An inverse relationship between pulse wave velocity and cognitive performance was reported cross-sectionally.186,202,203”
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“Abbreviations AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ADL: Activities of daily living; AIBL: Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; APP: Amyloid precursor protein; ARV: Anglican Retirement Villages; Aβ: Amyloid-β; BACE1: β-Site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1; CNS: Central nervou…”
BackgroundInfluentialPulse Wave Velocity and Cognitive Decline in Elders
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“It should be noted that this study did not focus on analyzing the relationship between PWV measurements and different physiological parameters as has been conducted in previous literature [35-41].”
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“Elevated pulse wave velocity, which is another measure of arterial stiffness, was reported to increase the risk of cognitive decline in the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (Elias et al., 2009), Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (Waldstein et al., 2008), and a third independent study (Hanon et al., 2005), but not…”
BackgroundÁlvarez‐Bueno, C., Cunha, P., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Pozuelo‐Carrascosa, D. P., Visier‐Alfonso, M. E., Jiménez‐López, E., & Cavero‐Redondo, I. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.014621 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“…55.6 20.25 0.016 Zhong et al., 2014 50 -0.09 -0.16 -0.03 59.3 22.11 0.009 Memory Author es ll ul I2 Cooper et al., 2016 11 -0.13 -0.21 -0.05 81.7 60.18 0.001 Elias et al., 2009 27 -0.14 -0.22 -0.06 81.9 60.74 0.001 Geijselaers et al., 2016 29 -0.13 -0.21 -0.06 81.9 60.88 0.001 Lim et al.,…”
InfluentialPulse Wave Velocity as a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Scuteri, A., & Wang, H. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141416 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Higher HDL Cholesterol Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function: the Maine-Syracuse Study
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Davey, A., Sullivan, K., & Robbins, M. A. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617714000885 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Details of initial study recruitment have been previously described (Dore, Elias, Robbins, Budge, & Elias, 2008; Elias et al., 2009, 2006; Robbins et al., 2005).”
Self-citationChocolate intake is associated with better cognitive function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., & Alkerwi, A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.010 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Cardiovascular health is closely linked to cognitive health (Waldstein and Elias, 2014).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPulse Wave Velocity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Zhong, W., Cruickshanks, K. J., Schubert, C. R., Carlsson, C. M., Chappell, R. J., Klein, R., Klein, R., & Acher, C. W. (2013) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e3182949f06 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Intracranial pulsatility is associated with regional brain volume in elderly individuals
Wåhlin, A., Ambarki, K., Birgander, R., Malm, J., & Eklund, A. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.026 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“In addition, aortic stiffness has been linked to cognitive performance among non-demented, stroke-free elderly individuals (Elias et al., 2009; Waldstein et al., 2008).”
BackgroundStanek, K. M., Gunstad, J., Spitznagel, M. B., Waechter, D. M., Hughes, J. W., Luyster, F. S., Josephson, R., & Rosneck, J. S. (2010) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2010.531893 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Similarly, recent work demonstrates that arterial stiffness is an important contributor to cognitive function and cognitive decline (Elias et al., 2009; Waldstein et al., 2008) and it is possible that some of the cognitive benefit of CR may be attributable to vascular changes.”
BackgroundArterial stiffness and brain integrity: A review of MRI findings
Badji, A., Sabra, D., Bherer, L., Cohen‐Adad, J., Girouard, H., & Gauthier, C. J. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.05.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Pase, M. P., Pipingas, A., Kras, M., Nolidin, K., Gibbs, A., Wesnes, K. A., Scholey, A. B., & Stough, C. K. K. (2010) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833b1ee7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Meyer, M. L., Palta, P., Tanaka, H., Deal, J. A., Wright, J. D., Knopman, D. S., Griswold, M. E., Mosley, T. H., & HEISS, G. M. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161041 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Clayton, Z. S., Zigler, M. C., Richey, J. J., Cuevas, L. M., Rossman, M. J., Battson, M. L., Ziemba, B. P., Hutton, D. A., VanDongen, N. S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280607 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“…in humans via the gold standard measure pulse wave velocity, which increases with age and independently predicts CVD and other common disorders of ageing, including cognitive impairment (Scuteri et al. 2005; Waldstein et al. 2005; Elias et al. 2009; Mitchell et al. 2010; Ben-Shlomo et al. 2014).”
BackgroundChiesa, S. T., Masi, S., Shipley, M. J., Ellins, E. A., Fraser, A. G., Hughes, A. D., Patel, R. S., Khir, A. W., Halcox, J., Singh‐Manoux, A., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz189 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Relation between dairy food intake and cognitive function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Dore, G. A., & Robbins, M. A. (2011) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.08.001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Participants Participants were obtained from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS), a community-based study of CVD risk factors and cognitive functioning in adults (Dore, Elias, Robbins, Budge, & Elias, 2008; Elias et al., 2006, 2009b; Robbins, Elias, Elias, & Budge, 2005).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationAn investigation of cerebral oxygen utilization, blood flow and cognition in healthy aging
Catchlove, S. J., Macpherson, H., Hughes, M. E., Chen, Y. J., Parrish, T. B., & Pipingas, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197055 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Is It Good to Have a Stiff Aorta with Aging? Causes and Consequences
Pierce, G. L., Coutinho, T. A., DuBose, L. E., & Donato, A. J. (2021) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00035.2021 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hooghiemstra, A. M., Bertens, A. S., Leeuwis, A. E., Bron, E. E., Bots, M. L., Rocca, H. B., de Craen, A. J. M., van der Geest, R. J., Greving, J. P., Kappelle, L. J., et al. (2017) · Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra · doi:10.1159/000480738 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Alzheimer’s Disease: Links and Risks
Nagai, M., Dote, K., Kato, M., Sasaki, S., Oda, N., Kagawa, E., Nakano, Y., Yamane, A., Higashihara, T., Miyauchi, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161172 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Singer, J., Trollor, J. N., Crawford, J., O’Rourke, M. F., Baune, B. T., Brodaty, H., Samaras, K., Kochan, N. A., Campbell, L. V., Sachdev, P. S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061855 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“For example, our cohort is significantly older than comparable community based studies [7,8,11,12,13,16,17] but is overall a healthy cohort, most being of middle socioeconomic status.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialvan Buchem, M. A., Biessels, G. J., Rocca, H. B., de Craen, A. J. M., van der Flier, W. M., Ikram, M. A., Kappelle, L. J., Koudstaal, P. J., Mooijaart, S. P., Niessen, W. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141542 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“PWV was found to be an independent predictor of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older individuals [43, 44].”
Geijselaers, S. L. C., Sep, S. J. S., Schram, M. T., van Boxtel, M. P. J., van Sloten, T. T., Henry, R. M. A., Reesink, K. D., Kroon, A. A., Koster, A., Schaper, N. C., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.912 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Moore, E. E., Liu, D., Li, J., Schimmel, S. J., Cambronero, F. E., Terry, J. G., Nair, S., Pechman, K. R., Moore, M. E., Bell, S. P., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000012257 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The glymphatic system and cerebral small vessel disease
Ang, P. S., Zhang, D. M., Azizi, S., de Matos, S. N., & Brorson, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107557 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Exercise, Arterial Stiffness, and Cerebral Vascular Function: Potential Impact on Brain Health
Barnes, J. N., Pearson, A. G., Corkery, A. T., Eisenmann, N. A., & Miller, K. B. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000394 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Importantly, these changes in brain structure may be mediating factors amongst the relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive function, as shown in large clinical studies (Elias et al., 2009; Palta et al., 2019; Watson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundVascular Health Indices and Cognitive Domain Function: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies
Lim, S. L., Gao, Q., Nyunt, M. S. Z., Gong, L., Berboso, J. L., Lim, M. L., Ling, A., Lam, C. S. P., Richards, M., Ling, L. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150516 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“The relationship with specific cognitive domains have yielded inconsistent results, but positive associations with processing speed, memory, visuospatial ability, and executive function have been variously reported [41–43, 52–55].”
Suri, S., Chiesa, S. T., Zsoldos, E., Mackay, C. E., Filippini, N., Griffanti, L., Mahmood, A., Singh‐Manoux, A., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E. J., et al. (2020) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003467 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“These associations were not mediated by cerebral microstructure and are in agreement with numerous other studies linking cross-sectional measures of arterial stiffness in mid-life to later cognitive function [6], including studies in which similar relationships to verbal learning [7], episodic memory [8], and amnestic…”
ResultNeurocognitive Function and Cardiovascular Disease
Waldstein, S. R., & Wendell, C. R. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091591 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effects of age, genes, and pulse pressure on executive functions in healthy adults
Raz, N., Dahle, C. L., Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., & Land, S. J. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.015 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“A more precise evaluation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) could have shown a more clear exacerbation of age-related cognitive declines by increased arterial stiffness (Elias et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMapping cerebral pulse pressure and arterial compliance over the adult lifespan with optical imaging
Tan, C. H., Low, K. A., Kong, T. S., Fletcher, M. A., Zimmerman, B., Maclin, E. L., Chiarelli, A. M., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171305 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Hazzouri, A. Z. A., & Yaffe, K. S. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141563 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Epidemiologic literature on the cross-sectional association between arterial stiffness and cognitive function Table 1 summarizes results from cross-sectional studies examining the association between arterial stiffness and cognitive function [18-21, 23, 25, 27-30].”
DeBuc, D. C., Gaca-Wysocka, M., Grzybowski, A. E., & Kanclerz, P. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8070996 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Frequent Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Disorders Along the Heart-Brain Axis
Hooghiemstra, A. M., Leeuwis, A. E., Bertens, A. S., Biessels, G. J., Bots, M. L., Rocca, H. B., Greving, J. P., Kappelle, L. J., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., van Rossum, A. C., et al. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.026031 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
London, G. M., Pannier, B., & Safar, M. E. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13387 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Aortic PWV has been shown to be associated with silent cerebral small-vessel disease, the extent of brain white matter,(24,25) and reduced cognitive function.(26) Moreover, a reduced carotid reflection coefficient is associated with increased cerebral pulsatile transmission, and vascular damage within the brain.”
BackgroundHigher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older Humans
DuBose, L. E., Ponto, L. L. B., Moser, D. J., Harlynn, E. L., Reierson, L., & Pierce, G. L. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11143 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lamballais, S., Sajjad, A., Leening, M. J. G., Gaillard, R., Franco, O. H., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Roza, S. J., Tiemeier, H. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.009847 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function: The Role of Central Aortic and Brachial Pressures
Pase, M. P., Stough, C., Grima, N. A., Harris, E., Macpherson, H., Scholey, A. B., & Pipingas, A. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613488602 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Both the age range of the participants and the sample size were determined on the basis of a similar cross-sectional study that reported a significant association between pulse-wave velocity and cognition (Elias et al., 2009).”
Nonlinear association between pulse wave velocity and cognitive function
Nilsson, E. D., Elmståhl, S., Minthon, L., Nilsson, P. M., Pihlsgård, M., Tufvesson, E., & Nägga, K. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000329 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Miyoshi, H., Oishi, Y., Mizuguchi, Y., Íuchi, A., Nagase, N., Ara, N., & Oki, T. (2014) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2014.933962 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Recent studies using tissue Doppler-derived strain and 2DSTE have indicated that (1) SR-LAs correlated inversely with age and LA diameter in healthy individuals (32), (2) LA adaptation mechanics are already impaired in patients with HT or diabetes with normal LA size (33), (3) impaired LA and LV relaxation in the long…”
BackgroundResultFrom Blood Pressure to Physical Disability
Elias, M. F., Dore, G. A., Davey, A., Robbins, M. A., & Elias, P. K. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.149823 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“17,18,20”
Self-citationElias, M. F., Crichton, G. E., Dearborn, P. J., Robbins, M. A., & Abhayaratna, W. P. (2017) · Pulse · doi:10.1159/000479560 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Aortic Stiffness and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Liu, Q., Fang, J., Cui, C., Dong, S., Gao, L., Bao, J., Li, Y., Ma, M., Chen, N., & He, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.680205 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Finally, 39 studies were summarized for detailed review, including 28 studies with 29,955 participants from 14 different countries in the cross-sectional analysis (Hanon et al., 2005; Scuteri et al., 2005; Poels et al., 2007; Elias et al., 2009; KearneySchwartz et al., 2009; Triantafyllidi et al., 2010; Watson et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCrichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., & Robbins, M. A. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3170-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Details of initial study recruitment have been previously described [21 – 24].”
Self-citationDiet Soft Drink Consumption is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome: A Two Sample Comparison
Crichton, G. E., Alkerwi, A., & Elias, M. F. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7053569 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“The MSLS is a longitudinal, community-based study of aging, cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in adults, aged 23–98 years [26–29].”
Self-citationCrichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Davey, A., Alkerwi, A., & Dore, G. A. (2015) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2015.39 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Details of initial study recruitment have been previously described (19-22).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFerreira, J. P., Girerd, N., Pannier, B., Rossignol, P., & London, G. M. (2016) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000453338 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Assessing cerebral arterial pulse wave velocity using 4D flow MRI
Björnfot, C., Garpebring, A., Qvarlander, S., Malm, J., Eklund, A., & Wåhlin, A. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x211008744 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Comparison of vascular stiffness in vascular dementia, Alzheimer dementia and cognitive impairment
Rabkin, S. W., & Jarvie, G. (2011) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2011.566246 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“, 2009 (30) 429 Community 61 Weschler, Maine β 0.”
DuBose, L. E., Voss, M. W., Weng, T. B., Kent, J. D., Dubishar, K., Lane‐Cordova, A. D., Sigurðsson, G., Schmid, P. G., Barlow, P. B., & Pierce, G. L. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Towards applicability of measures of arterial stiffness in clinical routine
Rocca, H. B. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq211 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Dearborn, P. J., & Robbins, M. A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The MSLS was a study of cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in community living adults (Elias et al., 2009; Robbins, Elias, Elias, & Budge, 2005).”
Self-citationJie, W., Lin, G., Liu, Z., Zhou, H., Lin, L., Liang, G., Ou, M., & Lin, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00715 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“It has been suggested that the development of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) might represent a downstream effect of this haemodynamic change (Elias et al., 2009).”
BackgroundVascular Health Modifies Theory of Mind Performance in Older Adults
Fischer, A. L., Bernstein, D. M., & Thornton, W. L. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs120 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, we acknowledge that more sophisticated noninvasive measures of arterial stiffening are needed in future studies to directly address the hypothesis that decreased arterial compliance underlies associations with cognitive performance (e.g., carotid– femoral pulse wave velocity or systolic pulse contour analysis…”
BackgroundArterial Stiffness and Hypertension - Which Comes First?
Ecobici, M., & Stoicescu, C. I. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Weber, T., Ammer, M., Gündüz, D., Bruckenberger, P., Eber, B., & Wallner, M. (2011) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.45 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Normative Data for Elderly Adults: The Maine-Syracuse Study
Elias, M. F., Dore, G. A., Goodell, A. L., Davey, A., Zilioli, M. K. C., Brennan, S. L., & Robbins, M. A. (2011) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2011.554511 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, A., Chen, G., Su, Z., Liu, X., Yuan, X., Jiang, R., Cao, Y., Chen, S., Luo, Y., Guo, X., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8234-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Carotid Artery Stiffness: Imaging Techniques and Impact on Cerebrovascular Disease
Baradaran, H., & Gupta, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.852173 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Liu, H., Zhang, X., Liu, H., & Chong, S. T. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1605322 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Previous studies also that showed the combination of higher pulse speed and age contributed to a gradual decrease in cognitive ability [72].”
BackgroundPase, M. P. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-120565 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Using a cross-sectional design, Elias and colleagues investigated the association between aortic stiffness and cognitive performance across the lifespan [34].”
Nicholson, C., Singh, K., Saphirstein, R. J., Gao, Y. Z., Li, Q., Chiu, J. G., Leavis, P. C., Verwoert, G. C., Mitchell, G. F., Porter, T. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008926 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Measurement-to-Measurement Blood Pressure Variability Is Related to Cognitive Performance
Crichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Dore, G. A., Torres, R. V., & Robbins, M. A. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04282 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationGioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Clayton, Z. S., Fleenor, B. S., Eng, J. S., Johnson, L. C., Rossman, M. J., Zigler, M. C., Evans, T. D., & Seals, D. R. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00212-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Torres, R. V., Elias, M. F., Crichton, G. E., Dore, G. A., & Davey, A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13095 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationCrichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., Davey, A., Sauvageot, N., Delagardelle, C., Beissel, J., & Alkerwi, A. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-253 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The MSLS is a community-based study of aging, cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in adults, aged 23–98 years [16-19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCrichton, G. E., Elias, M. F., & Torres, R. V. (2016) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516000325 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationSupiano, M. A., Lovato, L., Ambrosius, W. T., Bates, J. T., Beddhu, S., Drawz, P. E., Dwyer, J. P., Hamburg, N. M., Kitzman, D. W., Lash, J. P., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203305 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
López‐Cuenca, I., Salobrar‐García, E., Sánchez-Puebla, L., Espejel, E., del Arco, L. G., Rojas, P., Elvira‐Hurtado, L., Fernández‐Albarral, J. A., Ramírez‐Toraño, F., Barabash, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11113248 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Because there is a close relationship between measures of vascular function (such as perfusion pressure, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial cell response to stress) and cognitive function [47,48], we analyzed vascular density taking into account cardiovascular risk factors such as hyper…”
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Sabra, D., Intzandt, B., Desjardins-Crépeau, L., Langeard, A., Steele, C. J., Frouin, F., Hoge, R. D., Bherer, L., & Gauthier, C. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257815 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Zhu, Y., Ma, Y., Li, C., Hua, R., Zhong, B., Wang, H., & Xie, W. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
High Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity Is a Risk Factor for Falls in Community‐Dwelling Older People
Wong, A. K. W., Lord, S. R., Trollor, J. N., Sturnieks, D. L., Delbaere, K., Menant, J. C., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P. S., & Close, J. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12931 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Asymptomatic Carotid Disease and Cognitive Impairment: What Is the Evidence?
Baradaran, H., Sarrami, A. H., & Gupta, A. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.741500 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Elias, M. F., Robbins, M. A., Budge, M. M., Abhayaratna, W. P., Dore, G. A., & Elias, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 668-673
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- PMC
- PMC2716128
- OpenAlex
- W2041077485
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-03055, R37AG003055)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL067358, 1R01-HL67358, R01HL081290, R01HL065177)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- pulse wave velocity, arterial stiffness, cognitive performance, aging, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, applanation tonometry, age interaction, abstract thinking, memory, verbal episodic memory, cognitive decline, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Pressure, Carotid Arteries, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Femoral Artery, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Pulsatile Flow, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Wechsler Scales, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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