Strategic Extremism: Why Republicans and Democrats Divide on Religious Values
Abstract
Party platforms differ sharply from one another, especially on issues with religious content, such as abortion or gay marriage. Given the high return to attracting the median voter, why do vote-maximizing politicians take extreme positions? In this paper we find that strategic extremism depends on an intensive margin where politicians want to induce their core constituents to vote (or make donations) and the ability to target political messages toward those core constituents. Our model predicts that the political relevance of religious issues is highest when around one-half of the voting population attends church regularly. Using data from across the world and within the United States, we indeed find a nonmonotonic relationship between religious extremism and religious attendance.
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Glaeser, Ponzetto, and Shapiro (2005) formalizes the intuition that politicians deploy strategic extremism to amplify cultural identification and thereby raise turnout among core supporters.
“Glaeser, Ponzetto, and Shapiro (2005) formalizes this intuition in a model where politicians deploy strategic extremism (e.g., inflaming wedge issues) to amplify cultural identification and thereby raise turnout among core supporters.”
From Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2020) · cites this paper as Glaeser, Ponzetto, and Shapiro 2005
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The Political Economy of Incentive Regulation: Theory and Evidence from U.S. StatesPreprint
Guerriero, C. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.927736 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Accountability in Government and Regulatory Policies: Theory and EvidencePreprint
Guerriero, C. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1158450 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Essays on privatization, identity, and political polarization
Lindqvist, E. (2007) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Introduction: The Politics of Abortion 50 Years afterRoe
Kimport, K., & Kreitzer, R. (2023) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-10451382 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Politics of Personalized News Aggregation
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Playing for Your Own Audience: Extremism in Two‐Party Elections
Virág, G. (2008) · Journal of Public Economic Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9779.2008.00391.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Glaeser, E. L., Ponzetto, G. A. M., & Shapiro, J. M.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1283-1330
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W2159251310
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 80.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › American Constitutional Law and Politics
- Keywords
- party platforms, religious values, religious service attendance, median voter, message targeting, abortion, same-sex marriage
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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