Cited by 855Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsFlow Experience in Various FieldsSocial Robot Interaction and HRI

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Measuring Presence: A Response to the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire

Slater, Mel·1999·Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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Abstract

ly for all of these types of things metrics can be established which are descriptions of the system, and not descriptions of people's responses to the system. Witmer and Singer, however, define immersion as the person's response to the VE system. This difference in terminology is unfortunate, but not a matter of any great concern. In order to Measuring Presence 2 avoid further confusion I will use the term `system immersion' to denote my meaning of the word, and `immersive response' to denote W&S's meaning. On a second reading of their paper, I realised that this terminological difference was a sign of a very profound difference in methodology regarding the elicitation of presence. The purpose of this note is to explain why I would never use the W&S questionnaire for studying presence - even though I am sure that in itself it can lead to useful insights about the nature of VE experience. About the meaning of presence itself, I find W&S's var

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Authors: Slater, M.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Slater, Mel
ORCID: Slater, Mel
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 1999-10
Volume: 8
Issue: 5
Pages: 560-565
ISSN: 1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1162/105474699566477
OpenAlex: W2178182204
Cited by: 855
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 17.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Keywords: presence, presence measurement, virtual reality, terminology

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Measuring Presence: A Response to the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire

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