Dynamics of self-monitoring and error detection in speech production: evidence from mental imagery and MEG
Open accessAbstract
A critical subroutine of self-monitoring during speech production is to detect any deviance between expected and actual auditory feedback. Here we investigated the associated neural dynamics using MEG recording in mental-imagery-of-speech paradigms. Participants covertly articulated the vowel /a/; their own (individually recorded) speech was played back, with parametric manipulation using four levels of pitch shift, crossed with four levels of onset delay. A nonmonotonic function was observed in early auditory responses when the onset delay was shorter than 100 msec: Suppression was observed for normal playback, but enhancement for pitch-shifted playback; however, the magnitude of enhancement decreased at the largest level of pitch shift that was out of pitch range for normal conversion, as suggested in two behavioral experiments. No difference was observed among different types of playback when the onset delay was longer than 100 msec. These results suggest that the prediction suppresses the response to normal feedback, which mediates source monitoring. When auditory feedback does not match the prediction, an “error term” is generated, which underlies deviance detection. We argue that, based on the observed nonmonotonic function, a frequency window (addressing spectral difference) and a time window (constraining temporal difference) jointly regulate the comparison between prediction and feedback in speech.
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Tian and Poeppel (2015) found evidence of M100 suppression to unshifted, undelayed audible phonemes relative to a passive baseline, and pitch-shifting or delaying the auditory phonemes increased M100 amplitude above baseline levels.
“They found evidence of M100 suppression to unshifted, undelayed audible phonemes relative to a passive baseline condition, consistent with the results of the present study. Pitch-shifting or delaying the auditory phonemes was found to increase M100 amplitude above baseline levels.”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Tian and Poeppel, 2015
The Results report M100 suppression for normal, undelayed playback relative to baseline and enhancement for pitch-shifted playback at 0- and 100-ms delays. They do not show that delaying an unshifted phoneme increased M100 above baseline: suppression was marginal at 100 ms, and no suppression effect was observed at 200 or 500 ms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe existence of an IFM to inner speech may be inferred based on how the production of inner speech suppresses the brain's electrophysiological response to overt speech.
“However, the existence of an IFM may be inferred based on how the production of inner speech suppresses the brain’s electrophysiological response to overt speech (Tian and Poeppel, 2010; Tian and Poeppel, 2015; Tian and Poeppel, 2013; Tian and Poeppel, 2012).”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Tian and Poeppel, 2015
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Cites
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“Our simple model agrees with the core functions for self-monitoring and speech control in other computational models (e.g., Hickok, 2012; Houde & Nagarajan, 2011; Guenther, Ghosh, & Tourville, 2006; Grush, 2004).”
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“We used articulation imagery (imagine speaking without moving any articulators or making any sound), which has been modeled as a prediction process (via the internal simulation and estimation mechanism) without overt output overlaps (Tian & Poeppel, 2010, 2012; Grush, 2004).”
Self-citationTian, X., & Poeppel, D. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00314 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech
Whitford, T. J., Jack, B. N., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., Luque, D., Harris, A. W., Spencer, K. M., & Le Pelley, M. E. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.28197 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“These results suggest that inner speech production is associated with a time-locked and contentspecific internal forward model, similar to the one believed to operate in the production of overt speech (Hickok, 2012; Tourville and Guenther, 2011; Hickok and Poeppel, 2004; Houde et al., 2013).”
InfluentialInner speech is accompanied by a temporally-precise and content-specific corollary discharge
Jack, B. N., Le Pelley, M. E., Han, N., Harris, A. W. F., Spencer, K. M., & Whitford, T. J. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-reported inner speech relates to phonological retrieval ability in people with aphasia
Fama, M. E., Henderson, M. P., Snider, S. F., Hayward, W., Friedman, R. B., & Turkeltaub, P. E. (2019) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.03.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tian, X., & Poeppel, D.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2015-02-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 352-364
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- PMC
- PMC4465382
- OpenAlex
- W2152678828
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (2R01DC-05660, R01DC005660)
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- self-monitoring, speech production, auditory feedback, error detection, pitch shifting, delayed onset, auditory prediction, source monitoring, neural dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Perception, Brain, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Middle Aged, Speech, Speech Acoustics, Time Factors, Magnetoencephalography, Feedback, Psychological, Young Adult
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