The effect of maternal smoking on respiratory and arousal patterns in preterm infants during sleep
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The effect of maternal smoking on apnea and arousal patterns in preterm infants is currently unknown. Multichannel polysomnographic studies were performed in preterm infants. Thirty infants were enrolled into the study: 16 exposed prenatally to cigarette smoke (S) and 14 control infants (C). There was no difference in the gestational and postconceptional ages at the time of study. Maternal smoking was associated with a significant increase in the apneic index in these infants (28.6 +/- 6.4/hour [S] vs. 13.2 +/- 3.9 [C]; p<0.05), and the difference was noted for obstructive events and only during active sleep. The arousal index was significantly decreased in the maternal smoking group (34.5 +/- 2.3/hour [S] vs. 46.3 +/- 5.6/hour [C]; p<0.05), with a specific decrease in percentage of arousal after respiratory events (10.7 +/- 2.1% [S] vs. 29.4 +/- 5.4% [C]; p<0.05). In conclusion, preterm infants exposed prenatally to cigarette smoke have increased respiratory events during active sleep, predominantly due to obstructive apnea, and possibly a higher arousal threshold during apneic events. These alterations in respiratory and arousal patterns in preterm infants born to smoking mothers may lead to significant vulnerability in this population.
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Tobacco exposure during pregnancy impairs infant cardiorespiratory function.
“Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neonatal apnea, while maternal smoking is also associated with a decreased arousal response.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [115]
Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased neonatal apnea.
“Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neonatal apnea”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [115]
Maternal smoking is associated with a reduced arousal response.
“while maternal smoking is also associated with a decreased arousal response.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [115]
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- Authors
- Sawnani, H., Jackson, T., Murphy, T., Beckerman, R., & Simakajornboon, N.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 733-738
- ISSN
- 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4970
- OpenAlex
- W2015038954
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (5 M01-RR-05096-10, M01RR005096)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- maternal smoking, prenatal cigarette smoke exposure, preterm infants, apnea, arousal, obstructive apnea, arousal index, sleep patterns, sudden infant death syndrome, active sleep, arousal threshold
- MeSH terms
- Apnea, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sleep, Smoking, Polysomnography, Sleep Arousal Disorders
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