Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 310

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Human Rhinovirus Species and Season of Infection Determine Illness Severity

Open access
Lee, Wai-Ming, Lemanske, Robert F., Evans, Michael D., Vang, Fue, Pappas, Tressa, Gangnon, Ronald, Jackson, Daniel J., Gern, James E.·2012·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Abstract

RATIONALE: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) consist of approximately 160 types that cause a wide range of clinical outcomes, including asymptomatic infections, common colds, and severe lower respiratory illnesses. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors that influence the severity of HRV illnesses. METHODS: HRV species and types were determined in 1,445 nasal lavages that were prospectively collected from 209 infants participating in a birth cohort who had at least one HRV infection. Questionnaires were used during each illness to identify moderate to severe illnesses (MSI). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Altogether, 670 HRV infections were identified, and 519 of them were solitary infections (only one HRV type). These 519 viruses belonged to 93 different types of three species: 49 A, 9 B, and 35 C types. HRV-A (odds ratio, 8.2) and HRV-C (odds ratio, 7.6) were more likely to cause MSI compared with HRV-B. In addition, HRV infections were 5- to 10-fold more likely to cause MSI in the winter months (P < 0.0001) compared with summer, in contrast to peak seasonal prevalence in spring and fall. When significant differences in host susceptibility to MSI (P = 0.004) were considered, strain-specific rates of HRV MSI ranged from less than 1% to more than 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Factors related to HRV species and type, season, and host susceptibility determine the risk of more severe HRV illness in infancy. These findings suggest that anti-HRV strategies should focus on HRV-A and -C species and identify the need for additional studies to determine mechanisms for seasonal increases of HRV severity, independent of viral prevalence, in cold weather months.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1164/rccm.201202-0330oc

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 38 references

Cited by

See all 310

Metadata

Authors
Lee, W.-M., Lemanske, R. F., Evans, M. D., Vang, F., Pappas, T., Gangnon, R., Jackson, D. J., & Gern, J. E.
Venue
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Published
2012-11-01
Volume
186
Issue
9
Pages
886-891
ISSN
  • 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-4970
OpenAlex
W2116699018
Cited by
310
References
38
FWCI
17.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Human Rhinovirus Species and Season of Infection Determine Illness Severity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1164/rccm.201202-0330oc
The paper
Lee, W.-M., Lemanske, R. F., Evans, M. D., Vang, F., Pappas, T., Gangnon, R., Jackson, D. J., & Gern, J. E. (2012). Human Rhinovirus Species and Season of Infection Determine Illness Severity. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201202-0330oc

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.